midterm exam questions 2023

Question 1

what type of bone would be considered indirect growth

Answer 1

long bones

Question 2

when does the primary tissue (germ layers) develop?

Answer 2

during gastrulation

Question 3

what is the primary germ layer in gastrulation?

Answer 3

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 4

question was about neural tube closure so describe what occurs

Answer 4

1. closure of neural tube proceeds anteriorly and posteriorly from the mid-region
2. gastrulation
3. neural tube closure and embryonic folding are coordinated
4. failure can cause spina bifida which causes neural crest cells to be unable to migrate out

Question 5

what terms are signifiers for the embryological origin of cells?

Answer 5

endoderm
ectoderm
mesoderm

Question 6

which comes first in hierarchical gene control?

Answer 6

coordinate genes

Question 7

describe inductive signalling

Answer 7

1. starting point (cell or cell cluster)
2. cell-cell signaling
3. cell signaling cascade
4. acts over great distance