Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Church History I > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards World History 101 flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards
1
Q

What date did the Celebration of Epiphany take place?

A

January 6th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did the Celebration of Epiphany observe?

A

Celebrated the arrival of the Magi observing Jesus Birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Celebration of Christmas for East and West

A

West: December 25th
East: January 6th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What event took place prior to Easter?

A

Season of Lent 40 days prior to Easter day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Primary Event on the Church calendar?

A

Easter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was celebrated after Easter for 50 days?

A

Celebration of Pentecost; occurred 7 weeks after Easter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What were the 3 major political parties in Jesus’ day?

A

Pharisees
Essenes
Scribes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Scribes

A

Were Lawyers or teachers of the law; Nihilists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pharisees

A

Established new synagogues; Law focused; created new laws to help keep the OT Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Essenes

A

Very religious; focused on purity and how well you maintained purity;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hellenism

A

The Spread of Greek culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mishnah

A

Commentary on the Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Talmud

A

commentary on the Mishnah

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stoicism

A

Philosophical teaching; The school taught that virtue, the highest good, is based on knowledge; the wise live in harmony with the divine Reason (also identified with Fate and Providence) that governs nature, and are indifferent to the vicissitudes of fortune and to pleasure and pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Septuagint

A

Greek translation of the Jewish Scriptures from the third century BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two pillars of the Christian faith in the 1st Century?

A
  1. Atoning death of Jesus Christ.

2. His resurrection from the dead.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who is “James the Just”?

A

James the half brother of Jesus who would go on to lead the Jerusalem Church.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who is referred to as the “Second founder” of Christianity?

A

The Apostle Paul

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who was the leading figure of the Church at the end of the first century?

A

The Apostle John

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The Gospel of Thomas

A

an Apocryphal work on the Wisdom sayings of Jesus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pantheistic

A

God permeated all things and was not independent of all things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Humanities (teaching)

A

Best life is by living in accordance with reason derived from nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cynics

A

Rebelled against laws

Came from wealthy families

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Platonism

A

Concept of Objective reality

Held the position that although nature changes there are things that are real and unchanging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Who is given the name “The Father of Heresies”?

A

Simon Magnus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who is seen as the first teacher of Gnosticism?

A

Simon Magnus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Gnosticism

A

All matter or substance is evil and what is spirit is good; For humans to experience salvation, what is needed is an enlightenment. (Gnosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Valentinus

A
  1. taught that there is truth in all people who just need help to tap into this truth
  2. Educated in Alexandria; Understood that salvation had to come through knowledge of the savior, the self, and God;
  3. Reformer of gnosticism specifically with his mysticism;
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Marcion

A

The first major heretic of the early church

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is Marcionism?

A

Taught a heretical dualism that says that the God of the Old Testament (angry God) is different from the God of the New Testament (Jesus Christ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Pax Romana?

A

The Peace of Rome; refers to a peaceful time under Rome where people could travel around the empire;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What were 5 key factors that helped the Gospel spread?

A
  1. Pax Romana- Peace of Rome
  2. Roman Roads safe for travel
  3. Prominence of Greek Language.
  4. Growth of Greek Philosophy
  5. Jews in the Roman City
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Who were the God fearers?

A

Greeks who attended Jewish Synagogues receptive to God.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Three strands of Jewish Christianity?

A
  1. Ebionites
  2. Nazaraeans
  3. Elkesaites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Ebionites (3)

A

Gentile converts must submit to the Law of Moses;

Jesus is man and they rejected the virgin birth;

He is Messiah based on virtue and righteous living;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Nazaraeans

A

Middle Ground

accepted Gentile believers without expectation of upholding the Law;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Elkesites

A

absorbed Gnostic tendencies;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What happens by 260-300 AD?

A

The Church is relatively free from persecution due to the Roman empire in shambles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What year was Martyrdom spread?

A

250-51 AD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Who was the first major figure to persecute the church?

A

Emperor Nero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the Didache?

A

Church order Written in 100 AD in Syria it is a manual of Church life in 3 parts:

  1. Two ways- Moral teachings for new believers
  2. Election of Local leaders
  3. Eschatological Conclusions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Epistle of Barnabas

A

a letter or treatise- written in 97/135 possibly Alexandria

Addresses the debate with Jews over the OT “Whose is the Covenant?”

They say Christians not the Jews

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

1 Clement

A

Letter written in 96 from the church in Rome to the church in Corinth;
Deals with schism in Corinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

2 Clement (3)

A

Sermon written in 100-150 from Corinth (not sure of the author)

Delivered on the subject of Repentance

The church is the pre-existent body of Jesus Christ

Concerned with Christian holy living and how to live a righteous life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Shepherd of Hermas

A

Apocalypse writing from 100-155 written in Rome
The longest work in the Apostolic Fathers;
Collection of visions, Parables and commandments

Addresses what to do about sins after Baptism.

Discusses the church as eternal and information on contemporary organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

works of Ignatius

A

Letters written in 117 from Antioch of Syria

Addresses division in the church. The divisiveness of some toward Christian leaders;

Discusses the roles in the church.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Letter of Polycarp

A

letter written 115-135 from Smyrna to the Philippians requesting the works of Ignatius;

He wrote on instructions in righteousness

Addresses a Presbyter by the name of Valens dealing with temptation of avarice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Work of Papias

A

written in ca. 130 from Hierapolis; Explanations of the Oracles of the Lord;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Ignatius

A

Bishop of Antioch

Wrote 7 letters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Docetists (ism)

A

Heretical teaching that Jesus only appeared to be truly human

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Polycarp

A

(69-155) Bishop of Smyrna; Disciple of the Apostle John. Martyred at age 86.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Work of Papias

A

From Hierapolis

Known as first non-canonical writer to give a specifically millennial interpretation to the Christian eschatological hope.

Discusses eschatological matters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Gospel of Peter

A

Apocrypha writing: Passion Narrative rejected for suspected Docetic leanings;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Protevangelium of James

A

Apocrypha writing: concerns the birth of Jesus and centers on Mary; provides elaboration of Marian Doctrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Acts of Peter

A

Apocrypha writing: second century reflect basic orthodox viewpoints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Acts of Paul

A

Apocrypha writing: second century reflect basic orthodox viewpoints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Acts of John

A

Apocrypha writing: reflects gnostic dualism; dated in the second or third century;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Epistle of the Apostles

A

Apocrypha writing: ca 150 it is a supposed post resurrection “revelation” by the Lord to his apostles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Apocalypse of Peter

A

Apocrypha writing: The revelation concerns the punishments of various kinds of sinners in the afterlife.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

The Odes of Solomon

A

earliest possible surviving Christian Hymn book

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Ascension of Isaiah

A

contains the account of Isaiah’s martyrdom;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

5 methods of the Church

A
  1. Preaching
  2. Catechesis
  3. House Churches
  4. Written Works/ Apologetics
  5. Social Work
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Catechesis

A

The teaching/ Discipleship used by the church to provide new believers with solid foundation. Also used to convert others.

64
Q

House Churches

A

How the early church would gather in homes

65
Q

Apologetics

A

Makes the case for the faith for someone who doesn’t know the word of God.

66
Q

Social Work

A

Church focused heavily on caring for widows and orphans, the sick, Slaves, Prisoners,

67
Q

Primary Role of the Bishop? (5)

A
  1. Preach the Word
  2. Teach the word
  3. Administering financial concerns
  4. Administering Baptism
  5. Administering the Lord’s Supper
68
Q

Sub-Deacons

A

deacons in training;

69
Q

Lectors

A

Responsible for orally reading the text of scripture; protected the text;

70
Q

Exorcists

A

Worked with the Deacons with those who have gone through the process and been baptized; helped new believers renounce the ways of the old life;

71
Q

Acolyths

A

aids toward the bishops; similar to a seminary role;

72
Q

Janitors

A

Took care of the church facilities

73
Q

Precentors

A

led in worship, gifted in music;

74
Q

What was the 2nd century churches central aspect of worship service?

A

The Eucharist based from 1 Cor. 11:23-25

75
Q

When did Baptisms commence? (2)

A

Baptisms were held once a year on Easter;

by immersion; Second time would be on pentecost

76
Q

What 2 factors led to the delay of Baptisms?

A
  1. Persecution

2. Instruction: Making sure people are trained and equipped.

77
Q

Catechumens

A

2nd century churches 2-3 year process for giving instruction to pre-baptism;

78
Q

What 3 sins were viewed as unforgivable by the 3rd century?

A
  1. Idolatry
  2. Fornication
  3. Apostasy
79
Q

What would cause a massive split in the Church by the 3rd Century?

A

Divisions on forgiveness and sins

80
Q

Moratory Infragment

A

Document from 170 AD containing an early list of canonical books of the OT/NT

81
Q

What two writings were questionable regarding the OT Canon?

A
  1. Esther

2. Song of Songs

82
Q

What is significant about Council of Hippo?

A

Date is 393 The West accepts the Canon finalization

83
Q

Council of Carthage 397

A

In North Africa we have the finalization of Canon

84
Q

Domitian (81-96)

A

Emperor who would persecute the Christian Church heavily;

85
Q

The reign of Trajan (98-117)

A

Made policy that would make Christians punishable by name;

86
Q

Marcus Aurelius (161-80)

A

Roman Emperor in 161-80 Christian persecution would reach new heights under his rule in 166-68

87
Q

Gymnosophists

A

Based from India believed in a philosophy that taught that if you died, strive to die a noble death;

88
Q

Edict of Toleration (311)

A

Emperor Galerius tolerates Christianity recognizing that the movement continues to grow immensely through persecution.

89
Q

Edict of Milan (313)

A

Christianity is identified as religion among the pagan world; Christians are understood to be treated as citizens like everyone else;

90
Q

Clement of Rome (35-99)

A

One of the earliest Apostolic Fathers

Serves as a Pastor in Rome;

91
Q

Ignatius of Antioch (50-108/140

A

Dies as a Martyr potentially in 108

Wrote 7 letters; Wrestles with what it means for Jesus to be God and man;

92
Q

Who were the Ante-Nicene Fathers? (11)

A 
Clement of Rome 
Ignatius of Antioch 
Polycarp 
Justin Martyr 
Irenaeus 
Clement of Alexandria 
Tertullian
Origen 
Hippolytus of Rome 
Cyprian
Novation
93
Q

Justin Martyr (100-165)

A

Studied Philosophy (Stoic)
Had confrontations with Judaism and Paganism;
Approaches the topic of who Jesus is by focusing on “Logos.”
The “Logos” is central to his theology. Referred to as “Logos Theology/ Christology”

94
Q

Irenaeus (130-202)

A

Wrote the work “against heresies”

95
Q

Oousia

A

Term meaning “The essence of something”

96
Q

Homoousia

A

Term used in understanding that Jesus is “the same essence as God”

97
Q

Oiconomea

A

Summarization of what God is trying to do from the beginning; Creation, incarnation, redemption and resurrection;

98
Q

Clement of Alexandria (150-215)

A

Started a school; Learned under Pantinaeus;
Created the concept called “The true Gnostic” designed to reach an elite society in which Gnosticism is fashionable; Dies in 215;

99
Q

Tertullian (155-240) (3)

A
  1. Defends the church against Marcionism;
  2. attracted to Montanism;
  3. Focuses on Christian living;
100
Q

Origen (185-254)

A
  1. Wrote the Hexapla- 6 columned OT
  2. Understood the bible on 3 levels- literal, moral, allegorical, eschatological;
  3. Authored the first known Systematic theology;
  4. Later condemned as a heretic
101
Q

Hippolytus of Rome (170-236)

A

Known for his attacks on Sabellianism

Starts an Anti-Pope movement;

102
Q

Cyprian (200-58)

A

Became a bishop of the Carthaginian Church;

Was sympathetic toward Apostate; Beheaded in 258;

103
Q

Novation

A

Priest that claimed that the church was a gathering only for the pure church; Non-believers should be excluded;

104
Q

Physis

A

term referring nature; Jesus still had his own person even though he is of one essence with God;

105
Q

Oikonomia

A

A specific way in which God works in time; The early church fathers would talk about how God would move in time;

106
Q

Adoptionism

A

The belief that Jesus was an ordinary man, but God saw that he was best suited for his aims and God chose him at his baptism; Rejects a preincarnate nature of Jesus;

107
Q

Docetists

A

Believed that Jesus was a phantom or a Ghost; He only appeared to be human; They accepted that Jesus is God by not fully human;

108
Q

Ebionites

A

were a blend of Judaizers and Adoptionism

109
Q

Arguments of Arius (2)

A

Begotten= Made
therefore,
1. There was a time when he was not
2. Rejected the divinity of Christ;

110
Q

Arianism

A

Rejected that Jesus was preincarnate and that he was made by the Father;

111
Q

Eusebius of Nicomedia

A

Arian sympathizer; Powerful Bishop; influences Constantine; Rejected that Christ is eternal;
Baptized Constantine;
Goes after those on the Nicene Council

112
Q

Donatism

A

Pure church movement; argued for pure church leaders and a pure church;

113
Q

Hosius of Cordova

A

Seeking to battle the Donatists and Arianists

114
Q

Eustathius

A

Anti-Arian

115
Q

Eusebius of Caesarea

A

Anti- Arian

116
Q

Council of Nicea (325)

A
  1. Purpose is to address issues with Arius;
  2. Affirmed that Jesus is fully God
  3. Purposes the creed to help with Baptismal participants recitation;
  4. The First Ecumenical Council
117
Q

Athanasius

A
  1. Main proponent in 4th century upholding scripture;
  2. Succeeds Alexander as Bishop of Alexandria in 328
  3. Dies in 373
  4. Is Exiled 5 times
118
Q

Who were Constantines 3 sons? What territories did they inherit?

A
  1. Constantine II: Gets Gauls and Spain
  2. Constantius II: Receives the East (Asia Minor; Syria)
  3. Constance: Receives the central portions of the empire
119
Q

Under who’s rule were Bishops (including Athanasius) reinstated?

A

Emperor Constance

120
Q

Council of Constantinople

A
  1. Second Ecumenical Council

2. Date is 381

121
Q

What 3 things were affirmed at The Council of Constantinople?

A
  1. Holy Spirit affirmed as coequal in the trinity
  2. Affirms Nicene Creed to combat Pneumatocmachi
  3. Affirmed Baptismal process of affirming participants (reciting the name of Father, The Son, and HS)
122
Q

What works influenced Augustine?

A
  1. Life of St. Atony- Given to him by Ambrose

2. Romans 13:13-14

123
Q

When Is Augustine Baptized?

A

year 387

124
Q

Augustine

A
  1. Becomes Bishop of Hippo
  2. Combats Donatists; Pelagianism;
  3. Wrote City of God
125
Q

Pelagianism

A
  1. Rejected human depravity: Teachings from Pelagius that taught “Everyone should be as morally perfect as they possibly could;
  2. Through moral perfection a person can attain God’s grace;
126
Q

Council of Carthage

A

Pelagius/ Colestius teachings are condemned in 412

127
Q

What are the 4 states of the human condition?

A
  1. Before the fall: “Posse Peccare”
  2. After the fall: Non- Posse, Non Peccare- Not able to sin
  3. After salvation: Posse Non Pecarre- Ability not to sin
  4. After glorification: Non- posse Peccare- Not able to sin
128
Q

Prevenient Grace

A

God initiates in our souls whatever good we think, aspire or will to do; Even if we are outside of Christ

129
Q

Cooperating Grace

A

God operates with our will once our will has been stiired by his spirit.

130
Q

Sufficient Grace:

A

Adam had this in Eden that allowed him to practice and persevere virtue. This grace is subject to our free will. We can reject this grace

131
Q

Efficient Grace

A

Enabled Saints predestined to God’s kingdom to do and to will what God wants them to do.

132
Q

What councils condemned Pelagianism?

A

Councils in Numidia and Carthage

133
Q

John Cassian (360-435)

A
  1. He believed himself to be teaching against Pelagianism and preserving a pure Augustinanism
  2. Responsible for what will be called Semi- Pelagianism in the 17th Century.
134
Q

Synod of Orange 529

A

Group of Bishops gather to address the extreme positions of Cassian and Augustine and reject Pelagianism permanently;

135
Q

What are the adverbs used to understand the 2 natures of Christ?

A
  1. Unconfusedly: together there is no change in their oousia; they are unconfused
  2. Unchangeably: There can be no change in their natures
  3. Indivisibly: Rejects the notion that Jesus could be divided or separated between his two natures
  4. Unseperably; Rejects the notion that Jesus could be separated on either side;
136
Q

Unconfusedly (adverbs)

A

together there is no change in their oousia; they are unconfused

137
Q

Unchangeably:(adverbs)

A

There can be no change in their natures

138
Q

Indivisibly: (adverbs)

A

Rejects the notion that Jesus could be divided or separated between his two natures

139
Q

Unseperably; (adverbs)

A

Rejects the notion that Jesus could be separated on either side;

140
Q

What happen in year 431

A

Council of Ephesus

141
Q

What happen in year 451

A

Council of Chalecedon: Dealing with the 2 natures of Christ

142
Q

What happened in 553?

A

Second Council of Constantinople: Heavily dealing with Christological issues

143
Q

What happened in 680-81?

A

Third Council of Constantinople:

144
Q

What happens in 787?

A

second council of Nicea: Dealing with the worship of icons;

145
Q

What year was the Roman empire dissolved?

A

year 476

146
Q

What happens in 496?

A

Clovus converts to christianity and seeks to establish Rome to the status under Constantine.

147
Q

The Second Council of Constantinople

A

took place in Rome in 553;

Passes a decree that Bishops would have the ability to persecute those against the authority of the church.

148
Q

Third Council of Constantinople

A

Held in 680-81

  1. Declared that the Church should have as much authority as Rome and that Priest should be allowed to marry.
  2. The Representation of Jesus as a lamb was prohibited;
149
Q

Gregory the Great (590-604)

A
  1. Know as Servus Sevorum Dei “Servant of the servants of God”
  2. First to teach Purgatory
  3. Set an example of a strong Papacy
150
Q

What false document was said to be written by Constantine stating that authority over Rome was to be given to the church?

A

“Donation of Constantine”

151
Q

The Decreedals by Isadore

A
  1. Depicted Popes claiming all power from the beginning of the church.
  2. The sate needed to subject itself to Rome
152
Q

What are Icons? What is its purpose?

A
  1. Meant to be objects used to encourage saints to worship;

2. When someone saw an icon they were to reflect on the image and it would encourage them to worship God.

153
Q

Iconoclasm/ Iconoclast

A

Somone who wants to destroy icons

154
Q

Rigorists

A

Were heavily against Apostate coming back into the church. Left them up to God to judge their hearts

155
Q

Laxist

A

Felt the apostate should be allowed back in. Rebaptized apostates

Church History I (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions