Midterm Exam Flashcards
Twain says people lie more _________.
Non-verbally
Reportive
Definitions that include typical, standard usage of terms.
3 Types of Definitions
SER
Stipulative, Essentialist, and Reportive.
Hancock’s argument includes the word ______.
Evolution
Harris’ Definition
When one intentionally misleads others when they expect honest communication.
_________ the ______ of which is to provide others with _______ or to _______ them of _______.
Any behavior, function, false information, deprive, true information.
Twain says lying is _______.
Eternal
Harris says honesty requires stating ______.
Uncertainty.
Smith says lying is usually ________.
Self-deceptive
Harris and Patil Agreement
Confirmation Bias
Lying is unnecessary and we should instead use tactful truthtelling.
Harris
Smith specifically mentions _____ and Agrees.
Twain
Twain and Harris similar terms?
Silent Lie and Lie of Omission.
Essentialist
Definitions that include the essential nature (or purpose) of the concept. (Theories) Love
Harris says make up _____ a lie.
is not
Lying is widespread online through dismediation. We should treat it like a public health crisis.
Patil
Lying occurs, but we should focus more on the moral domain than the general domain.
Bok
Bok’s moral question
Was there intent?
Harris says ______ is a lie.
Not all deception.
When one _________ others when they expect ___________.
Intentionally misleads, honest communication,
Lying has evolved with technology, though we are more honest online than in person.
Hancock
Silent Lie by?
Twain
Sockpuppet Lie
A lie about the liar’s identity.
Oral communication is better
True
Moral Domain
How we act and how truthful we are to others.
Misinformation
False information, no intent!
Smith argues that liars lie to _ ______
cover up lies
Information
True facts.
Lying is a product of evolution and includes behavior, not just spoken words.
Smith
Lying is necessary and we should lie judiciously
Mark Twain
Reference
What the word denotes or points to in the world.
Stipulative
Definitions we create based on specific circumstances of their use.
Dismediation
A form of propaganda that seeks to undermine the medium by which it travels.
Harris says ________ is a liar and will be ______ to lie.
everyone, tempted.
Standard Definition
A false statement uttered with the intent to deceive.
The media should be controlled by state and independent sources.
Patil
Chinese Water Army
A lie about identity on a large scale.
Sense
What we understand when we understand the word’s meaning
Any _______, the function of which is to conceal information from one’s ________
Behavior, conscious mind.
Self-deception according to Smith
Disinformation
Spreading false information.
Smith’s Definition
Any form of behavior the function of which is to provide others with false information or to deprive them of true information.
Bok’s Definition
Any intentionally deceptive message which is stated.
Standard:
A ___________ uttered with _________.
false statement, the intent to deceive.
Smith specifically mentions _____ and disagrees.
Bok
Lie of Commission
Harris, Lying with intent to gain something.
Butler Lie
Lies because of the ambiguity of technology to help a relationship. “I need to go to bed now.” “My food is coming out of the oven.”
White Lies
Harris. Deprive people of autonomy and independence, also their time. Spares discomfort/awkward.
Smith says we ______ tell the truth all the time.
can not
