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Interviewing and Counseling > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What does SOLER stand for?

A

sit up straight, open posture, lean in slightly, eye contact, relax

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2
Q

name some examples of nonverbal communication

A

bodily behavior, tone of voice, facial expressions, space, general appearance, eye behavior

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3
Q

name two ways know questions should be used in therapy

A

they are valuable to client, they will help therapiest learn additional information about the client

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4
Q

what are the two types of questions

A

indirect and direct (which can be open or closed)

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5
Q

direct, closed ended questions begin with

A

do, does, is, have, was, are, who, where, when

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6
Q

direct, open ended questions begin with

A

how, why, and what

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7
Q

what are the benefits of direct closed ended questions

A

solicit specific information and keep excessively talkative clients focused

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8
Q

what are the problems with direct closed ended questions

A

restricts verbal output and can communicate what a client should think/feel

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9
Q

what are the benefits of direct, open ended questions

A

elaborated responses, opens up conversation, allows you to gather more information in client’s words, minimize suggestions from the therapist

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10
Q

when do you use “why” questions

A

you have good therapeutic alliance and you want them to explore a certain path

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11
Q

why should be weary of why questions

A

often elicit defensive responses or “because” answers

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12
Q

indirect question phrases

A

I wonder, I’m curious, tell me, saymore about

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13
Q

when do you use indirect questions

A

when you are curious but do not to pressure a response

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14
Q

what are the benefits of indirect questions

A

encourages exploration of thoughts and feelings

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15
Q

name the five general guidelines for asking questions

A

prepare your clients for questions, don’t use questions as your predominant approach, do use open and indirect questions over closed questions, make questions relevant, and approach sensitive areas cautiously.

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16
Q

name the five types of directive listening responses

A

feeling validation, interpretive reflection of feeling, interpretation, confrontation, immediacy

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17
Q

directive listening can be focused on _____ or _____

A

client or therapist

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18
Q

what is feeling validation

A

statements that supports, affirms, approves of, or validates feeling articulated by client

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19
Q

what are the effects of feeling validation

A

helps client accept feelings, temporarily reduces anxiety, enhances self-esteem, increase client exploration of feelings, may facilitate client dependency

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20
Q

what is the underlying message of feeling validation

A

your feelings are acceptable and you have permission to feel them.

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21
Q

what is interpretive reflection of feeling

A

statement including what the therapist believes may be underlying the client’s thoughts or actions

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22
Q

what does interpretive reflection target

A

buried, hidden, or deeper emotions

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23
Q

what are the primary effects of interpretive reflection of feeling

A

encourage emotional expressions and client resistance/denial

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24
Q

what must be present before using interpretive reflection of feeling?

A

good rapport, demonstrated client is accurately heard, evidence that supports your interpretation

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25
Q

what is good phrase to start out interpretive reflection of feeling

A

correct me if I am wrong, i suspect, tell me if i’m wrong,

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26
Q

what is an interpretation

A

statement indicating what the therapist believes to be underlying the client’s thoughts or actions

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27
Q

what is psychoanalytic interpretation

A

a statement linking past relationship patterns and experiences to current relationship patterns and behaviors

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28
Q

what are the main effects of psycholanalystic interpretation

A

encourage reflection and self-observation of client’s emotions, thoughts, and actions, promotes client insight, can be met with client resistance or denial

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29
Q

when is psychoanalytic interpretation most effective

A

when the therapist has knowledge of the client’s past and present relationships

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30
Q

what is a cognitive reframe

A

intervention that helps client view their problems differently

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31
Q

when do you use cognitive reframe

A

when therapist believes that the client is viewing some aspect of their world inaccurately

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32
Q

what are the effects of cognitive reframe

A

promote flexibility in client’s percieved or interpreted actions, can reduce anxiety, anger, or sadness, and may be met with resistance or denial

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33
Q

when is cognitive reframe most effective

A

when there is a strong therapeutic alliance, you can offer good rationale, and make statements tentatively and collaboratively

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34
Q

what is confrontation

A

a statement that points out or identifies a client’s incongruity or discrepancy

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35
Q

primary effects of confrontation

A

facilitates more accurate perception of reality, encourage clients to examine their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, can be met with reistance

36
Q

what is immediacy

A

statement that integrates a here-and-now therapist disclosure

37
Q

what are the purposes of immediacy

A

expressing support, confrontation, leading the client towards a specific action

38
Q

what are the effects of immediacy

A

here-and-now therapeutic relationship, focus on how client affecting therapist or being percieved by the therapist,

39
Q

what is an example of expressing support immediacy

A

As I listen to you talk about such a terrible experience, I feel admiration for the strength I hear in your voice

40
Q

what is an example of confrontation immediacy

A

It feels almost like you’re a helpless child instead of the competent and resourceful adult I’ve come to know

41
Q

what is an example of leading towards action immediacy

A

when then makes me want to get out and explore other employment options, but I don’t hear you doing that

42
Q

what are the guidelines for providing feedback

A

be clear and concise, no overload, don’t use jargon/technical terms, check-in with client, avoid providing information during high emotion, tailor your approach to your client, and present info in context.

43
Q

What is psychoeducation

A

a statement that provides factual information about counseling process, client’s problem, or treatment strategy

44
Q

guidelines for giving advice

A

consider if you have alternative motives/bias, wait for the appropriate time, avoid giving moralistic advice, avoid giving advice your client has already received

45
Q

what is the primary effect of giving advice

A

provide client with new ideas

46
Q

why are we cautious with giving advice

A

may damage the therapeutic relationship

47
Q

what is microagression

A

subtle or commonplace verbal expressions, behaviors, or environmental elements that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights or insults

48
Q

what are the three types of microagressions

A

microassult, microinsult, microinvalidation

49
Q

what is microassult

A

explicit racial attack meant to hurt the individual through name-calling, avoidant behavior, or purposeful discriminatory action

50
Q

what is microinsult

A

communications that convey rudeness and insensitivity or demean a person’s racial heritage or identity

51
Q

what is microinvalidation

A

communications that exlude, negative, or nullify the psychological thoughts, feelings, or experiential reality of a person of color

52
Q

what is white privilege

A

a set of institutional advantages granted to those of who, by race, resemble the people who dominate the powerful position in our institutions.

53
Q

guidelines for counseling diverse clients

A

learn as much as you can about client’s race/ethnicity/culture, suspend preconceptions, recognize that client may be different from other members of the group, consider how culture differences between therapist and client might affect psychotherapy, acknowledge that power, privilege, and racism might affect interactions with client, when in doubt, err on the side of discussion

54
Q

what are the three steps of listening

A

receiving message, processing message, sending a message back

55
Q

what does listening do for the counselor

A

gather important information about clients, develop the therapeutic alliance with client

56
Q

what does listening do for the client

A

feel they are presentat and want to know about them, allows them to tell their stories

57
Q

what are the four types of inadequate listening

A

nonlistening, partial listening, rehearsing, tape-recorder listening

58
Q

what is empathic listening

A

listening while also attending and observing;

59
Q

what are the types of verbal messages that clients express

A

experiences, behaviors, cognitions, affects (emotions)

60
Q

how are nonverbal communications help to accentuate or modify verbal messages

A

confirming, denying or confusing, strengthening or emphasizing, controlling or regulating

61
Q

pay attention to what the client leaves out

A

content, behaviors, thoughts, and feelings

62
Q

what is nondirective listening responses

A

responses that do not direct or lead client

63
Q

what is directive listening responses

A

responses that introduce the therapist perspective

64
Q

what are the primary effects of silence

A

places focus on the client to talk, allows for cooling off time, allows therapist to consider their next response

65
Q

what are the guidelines for using silence

A

let a few seconds pass, don’t get into a rut of breaking silence, do not use it if client is in crisis or confused, use nonverbal attending behavior

66
Q

what is reflection or paraphrasing

A

rephrasing the content of what the client said

67
Q

what are the effects of reflection/paraphasing

A

assures client is heard accurately, allows the client to hear what they said

68
Q

what are the guidelines for reflection/paraphgrases

A

keep message same but use your own words, don’t include opinions, reactions, or commentary

69
Q

what is clarification

A

restating what the client has said, preceded with or followed by a closed questions

70
Q

what are the primary effects of clarification

A

clarifies unclear client statements and verifies the accuracy of what the clinician heard

71
Q

what is reflection of feeling

A

restatement or rephrasing of clearly stated emotion

72
Q

what are the effects of reflection of feeling

A

enhances client’s experience of therapist empathy and enourages furthur emotional expression

73
Q

what are the guidelines for using reflection of feeling

A

reflect only the emotional content that you clearly hear the client say, don’t probe, interpret, or speculate

74
Q

what is summarization

A

a brief review of several topics covered during a session

75
Q

what are the primary effects of summarization

A

demonstrates accurate listening, enhances recall of session content, ties together or integrates themes covered in a session

76
Q

what are the guidelines of summarization

A

keep it informal, make it collaborative, and be supportive

77
Q

what is the best approach when your client is in denial

A

listen and clarify what is important to the client

78
Q

what is the best approach when your client wants an answer from you

A

educate them on therapy process, help them brainstorm for possible solutions, if they cannot come up with solution you may offer a few with caution

79
Q

what is best approach when your client is overwhelmed

A

slow down, convey your understanding, triage (focus on most pressing issue that you can reasonably address first)

80
Q

what are some counseling traps

A

directing, persuading to hard, rescuing the client, following to much and getting lost, overloading client with information, focusing on what you think is the problem

81
Q

qualities of effective counselor

A

active listener, empathic, responds appropriately, self aware, attends to nonverbals

82
Q

what are the limits to confidentiality

A

you have explicit permission in writing, court order (somtimes), your client is at risk of suicide, your client has specific plans to harm someone, you learn a minor/elderly is being physically or sexually abused or neglected,

83
Q

what are characteristics of unethical counselors

A

ignorant, incompetent, insensitive, exploitative, irresponsible, vengeful, burned-out, lack boundaries, rationalize, those who slip

84
Q

what are the steps to ethical decision making

A

determine if it is ethical issue, consult guidelines, consider all factors influencing decision, consult with colleagues, evaluate rights, responsibilities, vulnerability of all affected parties, generate alternative decisions, enumerate consequences of making each decision, make decision

85
Q

what are the suicide risk factors

A

psychiatric illness, social and personal factors (social isolation, physical illness, cognition function, previous attempts, unemployement), demographics (male, white, risk increases with age)

86
Q

suicide assessment includes

A

specificity, lethality, access/avaliability, proximity

87
Q

what do you do when client expresses homocidality

A

ask for details, send a tarasoff warning, determine if they have means. Inform them they have to inform the authorities, hospitalize your client if necessary.

Interviewing and Counseling (1 decks)

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