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Midterm Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Retina

A

Marks the end of the optical pathway and the beginning of the visual pathway

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2
Q

Fovea

A

A small area of the retina that provides detailed color vision in about a two degree cone of the visual field

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3
Q

Rods & Cones

A

140 mil. photoreceptors.
100 mil rods
40 mil cones

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4
Q

Cones

A

activated by bright light, color & detail

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5
Q

Rods

A

activated primarily in lower illumination levels

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6
Q

Vision Process (accommodation)

A

Light enters PUPIL (aperture of iris)
LENS adjusts vision
CORNEA focuses light on RETINA by refraction

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7
Q

Adaptation

A

occurs when the pupil opens and closes when going from light to dark place

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8
Q

Layered Lighting

A

Ambient
Task
Accent
Decorative

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9
Q

Ambient Lighting

A

provides uniform lighting in a space- will determine the general feel of space

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10
Q

Task Lighting

A

direct lighting that illuminates a work area.

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11
Q

Ratio of Ambient to Task lighting

A

3:1

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12
Q

Accent Lighting

A

used to draw light to an area in a space or to highlight a particular object
ex: museum Lighting

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13
Q

Backlighting

A

Also known as silhouetting. Lighting directly behind an object

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14
Q

Control

A

Device that adjusts light levels, on off dimming

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15
Q

Decorative Lighting

A

Luminaire that is an artistic piece that also provides illumination

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16
Q

Flame shape lamp

A

Decorative lamp that has a flame shape tip

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17
Q

Grazing

A

Lighting technique that places lighting close to object or wall- creates shadows and textures

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18
Q

Lamp

A

Light source that produces optical radiation or light

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19
Q

Light

A

Part of the electromagnetic spectrum 400-750 nanmeters

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20
Q

Lighting Designer

A

Professional who plans specifies and oversees the implementation of natural and electrical illumination

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21
Q

Lumen

A

Unit of measurement of light output of a lamp

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22
Q

Luminaire

A

Lighting system includes lighting source housing, ballasts or drivers, transformer, controls, and mounting

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23
Q

Natural Light

A

Illumination from the sun and stars

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24
Q

Recessed Spot

A

Luminaire mounted in a ceiling or furniture

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25
Solid State Lighting (SSL)
Illumination that operates with semi conductors, LED and OLED
26
Spot light projector
A device that is used to select a precise are to be illuminated
27
Sustainable Design
Built environments that focus on products, and processes that protect the environment, also conserves energy
28
Task lighting
Illumination of a specific work area
29
Uplight
Luminaire pointed upward for accent lighting
30
Veiling Reflection
Reduction in light contrast on a task that produces a reflected image on a surface
31
CRI
Color Rendering Index | 0-100
32
Incandescents CRI
100
33
What CRI to use for important color spaces vs non important
<90 and 75
34
Lumen
Amount of light from a light source
35
Initial Lumens
Amount of light output at the beginning of an installation
36
Mean Lumens
Average amount of light output of the life of the lamp
37
Illuminance
The level of light that falls on a surface
38
Foot candled
The measurement of the amount of light that falls on a surface one foot from a candle.
39
Lux
the amount of light that falls on a surface one meter away from a candle (1 Foot candle = 10.76 lux
40
Perceived brightness
brightness is subjective to the individual
41
Glare
High levels of brightness
42
Types of Glare by Origin
Direct Glare | Indirect Glare
43
Direct Glare
occurs when a light source is unshielded and high brightness
44
indirect glare
where light is reflected from a glossy surface
45
Types of glare as effect on people
Disability | Discomfort
46
Disability Glare
The effects of stray light in the eye where retinal contrast is reduced
47
Discomfort Glare
Distracting glare but can still see object
48
Angle of Incidence
Which rays of light emitted from a light source strike an object or surface before reflection
49
diffuse reflectance
reflects in all directions
50
specular reflection
reflects at one angle
51
Direct Transmission
Light passes through glass
52
Diffused Transmission
Light passes through most of the material
53
Mixed Transmission
Light passes through a sand glass in a diffused manner
54
Chromaticity
the color temp of light
55
Color Temperature
Indicates the degree of red or blue in the light source
56
Metamerism
When light sources have different SPDs but appear to be the same color
57
Semi Specular Reflectance
occurs when a partially shiny material caught light to be reflected primarily in one direction
58
Shade
a device (opaque or translucent) that shields a bare lamp from view
59
Spectral Power Distribution
SPD- Curves that illustrate a profile of color characteristics of lamps correlated with radiant power
60
Sunlight
generally seen as negative - uncontrolled & unfiltered
61
Daylighting
used in lighting ins specific to bringing natural light into a building to augment electric light sources and so save energy
62
Toplighting
Skylights, Diffuse Skylights, Sawtooth Clerestory, Roof Monitor, Light Tubes
63
Candepower
measured in Candelas
64
Watt
measure of the amount of electricity drawn for a specific lamp
65
Lumens per Watt (lpw)
the amount of light output per watt of electricity drawn
66
Tungsten Halogen Lamp
Pure tungsten is a high performance material with a high melting temperature low vapor pressure high density
67
Optical Control of Lamps
directs light from lamps. | "A" lamp is Omni Directional
68
Types of Optical Controls for lamps
``` Reflector R Lamp Parabolic Reflector (PAR) lamp Ellipsoidal Reflector (ER) Lamp ```
69
Fluorescent Lamps Types
diameter of tube measured in 1/8ths
70
Mercury Vapor HID Lamp
Low efficacy CRI 20
71
High Pressure Sodium HID Lamp
100-150 law High Efficacy 20-80 CRI
72
LED Lamps
AKA SSL. produces chemical reactions instead of the heating of filaments and gases
73
Binning
a way to keep consistency in color and lumen output to create high quality products
74
MacAdam Ellipses
Within each ellipse, there is no noticeable difference in color
75
Types of LED products
LED Chips LED Arrays LED Package or Components
76
OLED
Organic Light Emitting Diode- a series of organic thin films between two conductors that produce light when electric current is applied
77
Lighting Design Process
1. Project Planning 2. Comprehensive Programming 3. Schematic Design 4. Design Development 5. Contract Documentation 6. Contract Administration 7. Evaluation
78
Data Gathering
``` Interviews Questionnaires Phys. Characteristics of space Measurements Codes Photos ```
79
charette
all pros on team meet and brainstorm
80
Post Occupancy Eval (POE)
Data collection process that occurs at intervals after move-in to determine the effectiveness of the design.
81
Reflected Ceiling Plan
illustrates design of ceiling - luminaire, arch elements, HVAC,
82
Contract Administration
get contract approved by attorney
83
Post Occupancy Eval
Assess the effectiveness of the light design | Make modifications
84
Codes vs standards
codes- laws in place to enforce standards | standards- determines minimums for energy efficiency for lighting equipment
85
ANSI/ ASHRAE/IES 90.1
Provides minimum requirements for energy use in new buildings
86
ANSI/ ASHRAE / IES Standard 100-2015
Determines energy regulations in existing buildings
87
Lighting Power Allowance
LPA- Building Area Method & Space by Space Method
88
Building Area Method-
Uses the entire interior building square footage multiplied by the type of building from table
89
Space by Space Method
more accurate. uses each square footage multiplied by the maximum wattage for a given room
90
Lighting that does not have to be included in installed lighting power calculations
Theatrical, exit signs, | Casino Gaming areas, Mirror Lighting, Exhibit Displays
91
Circadian Rhythms
24 hour natural cycle
92
When does Melatonin Secretion Stop
7:30 AM
93
Luminaire at or below ___ may protrude any amount
27"
94
Wall mounted luminaires between ___ inches and ___ inches above a finished floor(AFF) should not extend more than ___ inches.
27" 80" 4"
95
Wall switches and outlets shall be mounted no less than __ inches, but it is more convenient if they are mounted __inches and __ inches AFF.
15" 38" 18"
96
The lowest element of a luminaire should allow for__ inches of clear headroom.
80"
97
Lighting Distribution
Direct, Indirect, Semi, Diffused

Lighting (3 decks)

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