MidTerm Exam Flashcards
What are the 8 criteria in selecting a research problem?
1) Is the problem in the realm of research?
2) Does it interest you?
3) Does it possess unity?
4) Is it worthwhile?
5) Is it feasible?
6) Is it timely?
7) Can you attack the problem without prejudice?
8) Are you prepared in the techniques to address the problem?
What is Inductive Reasoning?
“Bottom-up” reasoning, or the process of reasoning in which the premises seek to supply strong evidence for the truth of the conclusion.
Give an example of Inductive Reasoning/Diagram
All observed basketball players are tall, so all basketball players must be tall
Observations—Hypotheses—(tie hypotheses together)–General explanation—Theory
What is Deductive Reasoning?
“Top-down” reasoning, or the process of reasoning from one or more statements to reach a logically certain conclusion.
Give an example of Deductive Reasoning/Diagram
All apples are fruit, all fruits grow on trees, therefore all apples grow on trees
Theory—Postulate—Replication of results—Hypotheses—-Comparison with reality
What is scientific dishonesty? List seven areas of providing an example of each.
1) Plagiarism—using the ideas, writings, and drawings of others as your own
- Copying verbatim from a journal article and not citing it
2) Fabrication and falsification—making up or altering data
- Dropping data that does not support your results to improve your study
3) Nonpublication of data
- “cooking data”
4) Faulty data-gathering procedures
- Not accurately gathering the correct data/results
5) Poor data storage and retention
6) Misleading authorship—who should be an author?
- Only those who contribute directly are authors
7) Sneaky publication practices
- Joint publication
- Graduate student and faculty
- Two or more graduate students/2 or more faculty members
What are the 6 elements of informed consent?
1) A fair explanation of the procedures to be followed, including identification of those that are experimental
2) A description of the attendant discomforts and risks
3) A description of the benefits to be expected
4) A disclosure of appropriate alternative procedures that would be advantageous for the participant
5) An offer to answer any inquiries concerning the procedures
6) An instruction that the participant is free to withdraw at any time
List and describe the 5 characteristics of research
1) Systematic: plan, identify, design, collect data, evaluate.
2) Logical: examine procedures to evaluate conclusions.
3) Empirical: data collected on which to base decisions.
4) Reductive: general relationships are established from data.
5) Replicable: actions are recorded
What is Quantitative Research?
looks at patterns in numeric data. Methods are set before and specify which ones may be used and the type of data to be collected. Observations are collected before analysis begins. After analysis is complete, no more observations are taken.
What is an example of Quantitative Research?
Whether gun buyback program reduces gun violence, you would look at crime rates before and after the program was started.
What is Qualitative Research?
aimed at gaining a deep understanding of a specific organization or event. It aims to get a better understanding through first hand experiences, truthful reporting, and quotations of actual conversations. It also tries to understand how the participants derive meaning from their surroundings, and how their meaning influences their behavior.
What is an example of Qualitative Research?
Talking to people convicted of violent crime involving gun violence and asking them questions of why the gun buyback program didn’t work for them and what they think could work, etc.
What are the 4 parts of the Methods section of a research proposal?
1) . Participants
2) Instruments or apparatus
3) Procedures
4) Design/analysis
Describe the participants section
Who is participating and the number participating in the study and their specific characteristics such as their age, gender, training level. It is important to protect the participants at all times through confidentiality, HIPPA, etc.
Describe the instruments or apparatus section
devices used to collect data. It is important to consider the access to the equipment/the availability of the instruments as well as the knowledge of use. You need to include the description of the tests, a picture or drawing, information about when the participants were tested and how they were scored.
