Midterm Exam Flashcards
These are disorders in which odd or eccentric behaviour is considered to be central.
Cluster A: Odd Disorder
A type of eccentric personality disorder. This means the behavior may seem odd or unusual to others. An individual with paranoid personality behavior has extreme suspicion of others.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
A type of eccentric personality disorder. A person with this disorder has behavior that is different from most other people.
Schizoid Personality Disorder
A personality disorder characterized by a need for social isolation, anxiety in social situations, odd behavior and thinking, and often unconventional beliefs.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
The DSM-IV views these as a subset of personality disorders that are characterized by dramatic, emotional or erratic behavior.
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic
A pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others; pattern of irresponsibility, recklessness, impulsivity beginning in childhood or adolescence
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Is a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity; the pattern is present by early adulthood and occurs across a variety of situations and contexts.
Borderline Personality Disorder
A pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking; including inappropriately seductive behavior and an excessive need for approval, usually beginning in early adulthood.
Histrionic Personality Disorder
A pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy; excessively preoccupied with personal adequacy, power, prestige and vanity, mentally unable to see the destructive damage they are causing to themselves and to others in the process.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
This cluster share a high level of anxiety for each disorder.
Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful
A long-standing need for the person to be taken care of and a fear of being abandoned or separated from important individuals in his or her life. This leads the person to engage in dependent and submissive behaviors that are designed to elicit care-giving behaviors in others.
Dependent Personality Disorder
Is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear or worry, repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety, or a combination of such obsessions and compulsions
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
These are disorders in which an individual has recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges or behaviors involving: (1) Non-human objects (2) Children or other non-consenting persons (3) suffering or humiliation of one’s self or partner
Paraphilia
Deriving sexual gratification from viewing or having sexual contact with a corpse.
Necrophilia
Deriving sexual pleasure from contact with feces.
Coprophilia
Deriving sexual pleasure from the use of enemas.
Klismaphilia
Deriving sexual pleasure from contact with urine.
Urophilia
Having sex with a sleeping person.
Somnaphilia
Having sex in front of others.
Autagonistophilia
Has uncontrollable sexual urges to sexually immature children (13 below)
Pedophilia
The person has intense sexual urges and arousing fantasies involving the exposure of genitals to a group of stranger/s.
Exhibitionism
Is where a person feels a strong recurrent sexual attraction to a nonliving object. People with this are always preoccupied with the object of desire, and they become dependent to it as an object for sexual gratification.
Fetishism
Are only interested in the sexual gratification from a specific body part, examples are feet, neck, underarms, back, etc.
Partialism
The individual is exposed to a different sexual stimulus other than the desired object.
Aversion Therapy
Behavioral method geared toward a relearning process.
Orgasmic Reconditioning
Refers to the masturbation that involves rubbing against another person. Obsessed with the rubbing of selves to unsuspecting strangers, finding it sexually pleasurable.
Frotteurism
Obtaining sexual enjoyment from inflicting cruelty.
Sexual Sadism
Obtaining sexual enjoyment from receiving pain.
Sexual Masochism
A sexual disorder where an individual compulsively seeks sexual gratification from observing nudity or sexual activity of others who are unaware that they are being watched.
Voyeurism
Refers to this phenomenon in which a person has an inner feeling of belonging to other sex. People involve in this situation wishes to live as members of the other sex.
Transsexualism
Refers to an abnormality in an individual’s sexual responsiveness and reactions.
Sexual Dysfunction
Four phases of the Sexual Response cycle.
(APOR)
- Arousal
- Plateau
- Orgasm
- Resolution
The Individual has an abnormally low level of interest in sexual activity.
Hypoactive Sexual Disorder
Recurrent partial or complete failure to attain or maintain erection
Erectile Disorder or Erectile Dysfunction
Inability to achieve orgasm, or a distressing delay in the achievement of orgasm.
Orgasmic Disorder
The male individual reaches orgasm in a sexual encounter long before he wishes to, perhaps even prior to penetration, and therefore feels little or no sexual satisfaction.
Premature Ejaculation
Involves the experience of pain associated with intercourse. Diagnosed as dyspareunia or vaginismus.
Sexual Pain Disorders
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Avolition (apathy)
- Alogia (poverty of speech and content)
- Anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure)
- Asociality (inability to form close relationships)
- Flat Effect (little or no affect in face or voice)
Disorganized Symptoms of Schizophrenia
• Disorganized behavior
- Odd behavior
• Disorganized speech
- Incoherence
- Loose Associations
- Tangentiality
Other Symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Catatonia (motor abnormalities)
- Waxy Flexibility (limbs can be manipulated)
- Inappropriate affect
Type of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and delusions – Tend to be fragmented. Develops early, tends to be chronic, lacks remissions.
Disorganized Schizophrenia
Type of Schizophrenia: Tends to be severe and quite rare. Show unusual motor responses and odd mannerisms.
Catatonic Schizophrenia
Type of Schizophrenia: Preoccupied with the thought of being persecuted.
Paranoid Schizophrenia
In which people have the symptoms of schizophrenia but only lasts between 1 and 6 months. Also called “temporary schizophrenia”.
Schizophreniform Disorder
It is a mix of multiple mental health conditions and it may appear differently in each person. Involves positive symptoms as well as mood disorders.
Schizoaffective Disorder
Non-bizarre delusions (involving situations that could occur in real life such as being followed or being poisoned) that last for at least one month.
Delusional Disorder
in which an individual develops delusions as a result of being in a relationship with, or by being in close proximity to, a person who already has delusions.
Folie a Deux (Shared Psychotic Disorder)
Depressive symptoms to be present for at least 2 weeks (present nearly everyday, most of the day)
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Depressed mood for more than half of the time for 2 years (chronically depressed). Symptoms do not clear for more than 2 months at a time. No major depressive episode was present during the first 2 years of symptoms.
Dysthymia
Mood reactivity (paradoxical anhedonia) and positivity, significant weight gain or increased appetite (“comfort eating”), Excessive sleep or somnolence (hypersomia), a sensation of heaviness in limbs known as leaden paralysis.
Atypical Depression (AD)
it refers to the intense, sustained and sometimes disabling depression experienced by women after giving birth.
Postpartum Depression Disorder (PDD)
Also known as “winter depression” or “winter blues”, is a specifier.
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Is a rare and severe form of major depression involving disturbances of motor behavior and other symptoms. The person is mute and almost stuporose, and either is immobile or exhibits purposeless or even bizarre movements.
Catatonic Depression
An unstable emotional condition characterized by cycles of abnormal, persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression)
Bipolar Disorders
State of intense elation or irritability accompanied with other symptoms.
Mania
Overtly excited and may strike others as acting silly/ ridiculous. Poor judgment; usually argumentative Inflated sense of self-esteem results excessive self-confidence to outright delusion of grandeur.
Manic Episode
Is distinguished by the presence or history of one or more manic episodes or mixed episodes with or without major depressive episodes.
Bipolar I
Consisting of recurrent intermittent hypomanic and depressive episodes or mixed episodes.
Bipolar II
Is a form of bipolar disorder, consisting of recurrent hypomanic and dysthymic episodes, but no full manic episodes or full major depressive episodes.
Cyclothymia
Weight loss is achieved by severely limiting food intake.
Restricting Type
Regularly involved in binge eating and purging.
Binge eating/purging type.
Involves episodes of rapid consumption of a large amount of food, followed by compensatory behaviour, such as vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise, to prevent weight gain.
Bulimia Nervosa
Loss of appetite due to emotional reasons.
Anorexia Nervosa
The key difference between anorexia and bulimia is…
Weight loss. People with anorexia nervosa lose tremendous amount of weight whereas people with bulimia nervosa do not.
Involves a major change or loss of physical function. Physical symptoms do not fully match the medical conditions. People become “incapable” of standing or walking may be nevertheless perform other leg movements.
Conversion Disorder
Fear of serious illness in spite the medical assurance of a medical specialist. Truly believe that they are suffering from a serious disease and psychologically they experience their report of pains and discomfort.
Hypochondriasis
Formally known as Briquet’s syndrome. Multiple recurrent somatic complaints. Physical complaint cannot be explained by organic causes.
Somatoform Disorder
Two or more personalities each with will-defined traits, characteristic and memories occupy one person.
Multiple Personality Disorders (MPD)
An individual experiences losses in the absence of any identifiable organic cause. General knowledge and skills are usually retained. Sudden loss of ability to recall important information and may persist for hours or even years.
Psychogenic Amnesia
Five Types of Psychogenic Amnesia
Localized – events that took place during a specific time period are lost to memory. Selective – forget only the disturbing details. Generalized – forget entire lives. Continuous – forget all events that happened after the problem begins Systemized – forget certain categories; forget specifics.
Amnesia “on the run” Experience loss of memory for past events. Travels away from home and takes a new identity and cannot even think about the past.
Psychogenic Fugue
Persistent or recurrent episodes of feelings of unreality or detachment form one’s self or one’s body.
Depersonalization
Strange changes in perception of the environment or surroundings and the passage of time.
Derealization
A psychological disorder characterized by tension, over activity of the autonomic nervous system, expectation of an impending disaster, and continuous vigilance for danger.
Anxiety DIsorder
A disorder characterized by excessive anxiety and worry serious enough to cause disruption of their lives.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Episode of intense fear that something horrible is about to happen.
Panic Attack
A disorder characterized by episodic periods of symptoms such as shortness of breath, irregularities in heartbeat, and other autonomic symptoms, accompanied by intense fear.
Panic Disorder
A fear of having a panic attack; may lead to the development of agoraphobia.
Anticipatory Anxiety
An anxiety disorder in which a person has an excessive and unreasonable fear of social situations.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Is caused by experiencing, witnessing, or being confronted with an event involving serious injury, death, or threat to the physical integrity of an individual, along with a response involving helplessness and/or intense fear or horror.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Suffer from obsessions—thoughts that will not leave them—and compulsions—behaviors that they cannot keep from performing.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
This is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects gray matter of the brain, and results in small hands, feet, and slow head growth.
Rett’s Syndrome
This causes neural development in children that is characterized by impaired social interaction and communication.
Autism
This is a neurological and developmental disorder that usually appears within the first three years of life.
Autistic Disorder
This variation of an autistic disorder could be said to be a milder form of that developmental disorder.
Asperger’s Disorder
There are various sub-types of this disorder, but they center around an inability to stay focused and hyper-activity.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
This neuropsychiatric disorder causes at least one motor and one vocal tic that persists from childhood.
Tourette’s Disorder
3 Goals of Clinical Assessment
- Diagnostic Classification - determining the diagnosis. What is it? 2. Description - understanding the social, cultural, and physical context of behavior. 3. Prediction - What will people do in a variety of settings based on their behavior.
What Axis? Psychiatric Disorders, excludes personality disorders and mental retardation.
Axis I
What Axis? Personality Disorders and mental retardation.
Axis II
What Axis? General medical conditions.
Axis III
What Axis? Psychosocial and environmental problems.
Axis IV
What Axis? Current level of functioning. Global assessment scale.
Axis V
Are the most common form of interviews in which clients come to clinicians because of problem they are having.
Intake interviews
The client has been referred to the clinician from another source or agency.
Problem-Referral Interviews
These interviews are conducted to provide the client with information regarding the assessment, treatment, or research procedures to be implemented.
Orientation interviews
These interviews are conducted once assessment has been completed. Essentially, they allow the clinician to convey what they “found” during the assessment.
Debriefing interviews
Are designed to provide immediate social & administrative support, collect assessment data, and provide help as quickly as possible.
Crisis Interviews
In which the clinician does as little as possible to stop the natural flow of the conversation with the client.
Nondirective interviews
The interview is planned with systematic format.
Structured interview
