Midterm Exam Flashcards
It is the term applied to that area of knowledge regarding the basic and fundamental nature of matter and energy.
Physics
It is what all things are made of;
whatever occupies space, has mass, and is perceptible to the senses in some way.
Matter
According to the ___ __ ______, matter cannot be created or destroyed, but it is possible to change its physical state.
Law of Conservation
It is the smallest unit of matter that establishes the unique
characteristics of a substance.
Atom
Numbers of electrons per each shell; 1st shell, 2nd shell, 3rd shell, and 4th shell
1st shell can only contain 2 electrons
2nd shell can have up to a max of 8 electrons
3rd shell can have up to 8 electrons but with a max of 18
4th shell can have up to 32 electrons
The outer-most orbital shell of any atom’s electrons
is called?
the valence shell
When electrons move freely from atom to atom or compound to compound, the substance is known as?
a Conductor
Materials made up of two or more elements that
have chemically bonded are known as _____. They have properties different than the
elements from which they are made. They can only be separated through chemical reaction.
Compounds
_____ are atoms and molecules that are physically mixed together but are not chemically
bonded. They can usually be separated by filtering, evaporation or some other mechanical means.
Mixtures
Matter exists in four common states
Solids, Liquids, Gases and Plasma
_____ is a unique state of matter comprise of ionized gas consisting of positive ions and free electrons in proportions resulting in a relatively neutral electric charge.
Plasma
Name two characteristics affected by the number of electrons in the valence shell of an atom.
Compounds are chemically bonded, there is no chemical bond between the substances in a mixture
Since the movement of electrons is called electric current, substances with complete valence shells are known as ____ ______ because they resist the flow of electrons (electricity).
good insulators
A _____ ______ is the method by which atoms complete their valence shells by sharing valence electrons with other atoms. Molecules are formed this way
Covalent Bond
_____ is the influence tending to change the motion
of a body or produce stress in a stationary body
Force
A _____ is represented by an arrow that points in the direction the force is applied. The longer the arrow, the greater the force
Vector
The _____ __ ______ of an aircraft is the balance point for the aircraft. An aircraft suspended from this point has no tendency to rotate in either a nose-up or nose-down attitude.
Center of Gravity (CG)
____ is the stress that resists a force that tends
to pull something apart. The engine pulls the aircraft forward, but air resistance tries to hold it back.
Tension
______ is the stress that resists a crushing force. The compressive strength of a material is also measured in psi. It is the stress that tends to shorten or squeeze aircraft parts.
Compression
It is the stress that resists twisting. While moving the aircraft forward, the engine also tends to twist it to one side, but other aircraft components hold it on course. Thus, _____ is created. The _____ strength of a material is its resistance to twisting or torque.
Torsion
_____ is the stress that resists the force tending to cause one layer of a material to slide over an adjacent layer. Two riveted plates in tension subject the rivets to a shearing force
Shear
On turbine engine test cells, the thrust of the engine is typically measured by what are called _____ _____.
strain gages
One characteristic of matter is that it tends to be elastic, meaning it can be forced out of shape when a force is applied, and then return to its original shape when the force is removed. When an object becomes distorted by an applied force, the object is said to be
_____.
Strained
Adding heat to a substance does not always raise its temperature. When a substance changes state, such as when a liquid changes into a vapor, heat energy is absorbed. Tis is called ____ ____.
Latent heat.
After a substance changes state into a vapor, the rise in temperature of the vapor caused by the addition of still more heat is called?
Superheat
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid into a vapor when heat is added is known as its ______ ____.
Boiling point
____ _____ is the pressure of the vapor that exists above a liquid that is in an enclosed container at any given temperature.
Vapor pressure
A solid body submerged in a liquid or a gas weighs less than when weighed in free space. Tis is because of the upward force, called ____ ______, which any
fluid exerts on a body submerged in it
Buoyant Force
Formula for Buoyant Force.
Buoyant Force = Volume of Object × Density of Fluid Displaced
Pressure based on the column height of a fluid is known as ____ ______.
Static Pressure
With liquids, such as gasoline,
it is sometimes referred to as a _____ __ ______.
Head of Pressure
When ram pressure and static pressure are added together, the result is known as ____ ____.
Total Pressure
When a fluid is in motion, and its velocity is converted to pressure, that pressure is known as ____.
Ram
