Midterm Exam

Question 1

The main function of the digestive system

Answer 1

Absorption of nutrients

Question 2

T/F The muscular system is responsible for body movements, maintenance of posture, and production of body heat.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

what cavity is the liver in?

Answer 3

Abdominopelvic

Question 4

the collection of ALL chemical reactions in cells that support life

Answer 4

metabolism

Question 5

what type of feedback loop would uterine contractions during childbirth illustrate?

Answer 5

positive feedback loop

Question 6

the organ systems responsible for integration and coordination

Answer 6

nervous and endocrine systems

Question 7

the basic unit of structure and function

Answer 7

the cell

Question 8

the anatomical term that indicates the structure close to the surface

Answer 8

superficial

Question 9

the thoracic cavity lies ______ the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 9

Superior

Question 10

the lower midportion of the abdomen is called the ____ region

Answer 10

pelvic (hypogastric)

Question 11

Which way are the hands facing in the anatomical position?

Answer 11

palms facing up

Question 12

a lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions

Answer 12

sagittal

Question 13

the most abundant substance in the human body

Answer 13

water

Question 14

anatomical structures dictate ___________ _______

Answer 14

physiological functions

Question 15

tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment

Answer 15

homeostasis

Question 16

self-regulating homeostatic control mechanisms usually operate by a process known as

Answer 16

negative feedback

Question 17

A parietal layer of a serous membrane lines ______, where a visceral layer of a serous membrane covers ______.

Answer 17

cavities, organs

Question 18

the ability of an organ to sense and react to changes in its body illustrates ______, a characteristic of life

Answer 18

responsiveness

Question 19

living energy stores in the molecules of food stored in _______

Answer 19

food

Question 20

the elbow is ____ to the wrist

Answer 20

distal

Question 21

the membrane directly on the surface of the heart

Answer 21

visceral pericardium

Question 22

blood cells are produced in the organs of the _____ system

Answer 22

skeletal

Question 23

T/F all cell types can divide a limitless number of times

Answer 23

False

Question 24

the main function of cristae in mitochondria is to

Answer 24

increase the surface area for chemical reactions to occur

Question 25

the defining characteristics of a stem cell

Answer 25

self-renewal

Question 26

the process by which cells specialize

Answer 26

differentiation

Question 27

osmosis, simple diffusion, and facilitated diffusion are all forms of ________ diffusion

Answer 27

passive

Question 28

the three major parts of a cell

Answer 28

nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane

Question 29

chloride ions follow the concentration gradient but require a membrane protein for passage. Which transport method is occurring?

Answer 29

facilitated diffusion

Question 30

where are carbohydrates converted to lipids through lipogenesis

Answer 30

smooth ER

Question 31

programmed cell death

Answer 31

apoptosis

Question 32

In _________, a cell membrane engulfs solid particles

Answer 32

endocytosis

Question 33

The two types of genes that, when abnormal, cause cancer

Answer 33

tumor suppressors and oncogenes

Question 34

the major components of the cell membrane are

Answer 34

lipids and proteins

Question 35

the organelle where energy is captures and stored in the chemical bonds of ATP, also called the 'powerhouse of the cell' is the

Answer 35

mitochondrion

Question 36

a tiny, membranous sac that contains enzymes that degrade word cell parts and debris

Answer 36

lysosome

Question 37

what happens if a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic soloution?

Answer 37

the cell will take on water, swell, and may eventually burst

Question 38

the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane to a solution containing a higher concentration of impermeant solute

Answer 38

osmosis

Question 39

the movement of molecules through a membrane by ______ requires hydrostatic pressure

Answer 39

filtration

Question 40

An _______ solution has the same osmotic pressure as the cells in the solution

Answer 40

Isotonic

Question 41

The function of the _______ is to direct the activities of the cell

Answer 41

Nucleus

Question 42

Allows some substances to pass through and excludes others

Answer 42

selectively permeable membrane

Question 43

a ______ solution has a greater concentration (number) of solute particles than do the cells in the solution

Answer 43

Hypertonic

Question 44

smooth muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 44

involuntary muscle

Question 45

the tissue that forms the inner lining of the respiratory passages is

Answer 45

mucus-secreting, ciliated, and pseudostratified

Question 46

support and bind nervous tissue and provide nutrients and growth factors to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels

Answer 46

neuroglia

Question 47

the study of tissues

Answer 47

histology

Question 48

the basic cells of the nervous system. they are highly specialized, sense changes in their surroundings, and respond by transmitting electrical impulses along their axons

Answer 48

Neurons

Question 49

lines tubes and cavities that open to the outside of the body

Answer 49

mucous membranes

Question 50

consists of ground substance and fibers

Answer 50

extracellular matrix

Question 51

a form of connective tissue commonly known as fat

Answer 51

adipose tissue

Question 52

the type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and permits distensibility

Answer 52

transitional epithelium

Question 53

the tissue through which gasses are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs

Answer 53

simple squamous epithelial

Question 54

tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of

Answer 54

dense regular connective tissues

Question 55

one of the four tissue types and is found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

Answer 55

nervous tissue

Question 56

a type of connective tissue that is composed of cells suspended in a fluid extracellular matrix and functions in transporting gasses and defending against disease

Answer 56

blood

Question 57

connects epithelial tissue to connective tissue

Answer 57

basement membrane

Question 58

the functions of _______ tissue are secretion, absorption, and protection

Answer 58

epithelial

Question 59

muscle cells with more than one nucleus

Answer 59

skeletal muscle cells

Question 60

a ______ gland branches repeatedly before reaching the glandular cells or secretory part

Answer 60

compound

Question 61

T/F a mucous secreting goblet cell is a unicellular gland

Answer 61

true

Question 62

the muscle tissue that can be voluntarily controlled is

Answer 62

skeletal

Question 63

muscle found in the walls of the stomach and intestines

Answer 63

smooth

Question 64

the type of epithelium that secretes into ducts that open into surfaces like skin or into body fluids

Answer 64

glandular epithelium

Question 65

T/F skin is a synovial membrane

Answer 65

false

Question 66

Describe the pigment granules of melanocytes in very dark skin

Answer 66

single, large

Question 67

body heat is lost primarily by

Answer 67

radiation

Question 68

the layers of the epidermis in order from most superficial to deep.

Answer 68

corneum, spinosum, granulosum, basale

Question 69

The later of the epidermis found only in locations such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

Answer 69

stratum lucidum

Question 70

brownish-black and reddish yellowish pigments

Answer 70

eumelanin and phenomelanin

Question 71

acne is a disorder of the

Answer 71

sebaceous glands

Question 72

the layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis is the

Answer 72

stratum basale

Question 73

a burn affecting only the epidermis is a

Answer 73

first degree burn

Question 74

respond primarily to elevated blood temps

Answer 74

eccrine sweat glands

Question 75

Skin cells play an important role in the synthesis of _______ _____ with exposure to the sun

Answer 75

vitamin D

Question 76

The dermis is composed largely of

Answer 76

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 77

responsible for sense of light touch

Answer 77

Meissner's (tactile) corpuscles

Question 78

sweating cools the body by

Answer 78

evaporation

Question 79

apocrine sweat glands are most abundant in the

Answer 79

axilla

Question 80

'degree of nines' is used to estimate the

Answer 80

surface area of the burn

Question 81

UV light stimulates synthesis of

Answer 81

melanin

Question 82

the hardness of a nail comes from

Answer 82

keratin

Question 83

these glands secrete fat globules that mix with cellular debris, forming sebum

Answer 83

sebaceous glands