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A & P 1 > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

Quiz re-caps of Chapters 1, 3, 5, 6, & 7

1
Q

The main function of the digestive system

A

Absorption of nutrients

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2
Q

T/F The muscular system is responsible for body movements, maintenance of posture, and production of body heat.

A

True

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3
Q

what cavity is the liver in?

A

Abdominopelvic

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4
Q

the collection of ALL chemical reactions in cells that support life

A

metabolism

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5
Q

what type of feedback loop would uterine contractions during childbirth illustrate?

A

positive feedback loop

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6
Q

the organ systems responsible for integration and coordination

A

nervous and endocrine systems

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7
Q

the basic unit of structure and function

A

the cell

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8
Q

the anatomical term that indicates the structure close to the surface

A

superficial

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9
Q

the thoracic cavity lies ______ the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Superior

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10
Q

the lower midportion of the abdomen is called the ____ region

A

pelvic (hypogastric)

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11
Q

Which way are the hands facing in the anatomical position?

A

palms facing up

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12
Q

a lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions

A

sagittal

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13
Q

the most abundant substance in the human body

A

water

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14
Q

anatomical structures dictate ___________ _______

A

physiological functions

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15
Q

tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment

A

homeostasis

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16
Q

self-regulating homeostatic control mechanisms usually operate by a process known as

A

negative feedback

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17
Q

A parietal layer of a serous membrane lines ______, where a visceral layer of a serous membrane covers ______.

A

cavities, organs

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18
Q

the ability of an organ to sense and react to changes in its body illustrates ______, a characteristic of life

A

responsiveness

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19
Q

living energy stores in the molecules of food stored in _______

A

food

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20
Q

the elbow is ____ to the wrist

A

distal

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21
Q

the membrane directly on the surface of the heart

A

visceral pericardium

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22
Q

blood cells are produced in the organs of the _____ system

A

skeletal

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23
Q

T/F all cell types can divide a limitless number of times

A

False

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24
Q

the main function of cristae in mitochondria is to

A

increase the surface area for chemical reactions to occur

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25
Q

the defining characteristics of a stem cell

A

self-renewal

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26
Q

the process by which cells specialize

A

differentiation

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27
Q

osmosis, simple diffusion, and facilitated diffusion are all forms of ________ diffusion

A

passive

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28
Q

the three major parts of a cell

A

nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane

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29
Q

chloride ions follow the concentration gradient but require a membrane protein for passage. Which transport method is occurring?

A

facilitated diffusion

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30
Q

where are carbohydrates converted to lipids through lipogenesis

A

smooth ER

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31
Q

programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

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32
Q

In _________, a cell membrane engulfs solid particles

A

endocytosis

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33
Q

The two types of genes that, when abnormal, cause cancer

A

tumor suppressors and oncogenes

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34
Q

the major components of the cell membrane are

A

lipids and proteins

35
Q

the organelle where energy is captures and stored in the chemical bonds of ATP, also called the ‘powerhouse of the cell’ is the

A

mitochondrion

36
Q

a tiny, membranous sac that contains enzymes that degrade word cell parts and debris

A

lysosome

37
Q

what happens if a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic soloution?

A

the cell will take on water, swell, and may eventually burst

38
Q

the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane to a solution containing a higher concentration of impermeant solute

A

osmosis

39
Q

the movement of molecules through a membrane by ______ requires hydrostatic pressure

A

filtration

40
Q

An _______ solution has the same osmotic pressure as the cells in the solution

A

Isotonic

41
Q

The function of the _______ is to direct the activities of the cell

A

Nucleus

42
Q

Allows some substances to pass through and excludes others

A

selectively permeable membrane

43
Q

a ______ solution has a greater concentration (number) of solute particles than do the cells in the solution

A

Hypertonic

44
Q

smooth muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue

A

involuntary muscle

45
Q

the tissue that forms the inner lining of the respiratory passages is

A

mucus-secreting, ciliated, and pseudostratified

46
Q

support and bind nervous tissue and provide nutrients and growth factors to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels

A

neuroglia

47
Q

the study of tissues

A

histology

48
Q

the basic cells of the nervous system. they are highly specialized, sense changes in their surroundings, and respond by transmitting electrical impulses along their axons

A

Neurons

49
Q

lines tubes and cavities that open to the outside of the body

A

mucous membranes

50
Q

consists of ground substance and fibers

A

extracellular matrix

51
Q

a form of connective tissue commonly known as fat

A

adipose tissue

52
Q

the type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and permits distensibility

A

transitional epithelium

53
Q

the tissue through which gasses are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs

A

simple squamous epithelial

54
Q

tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of

A

dense regular connective tissues

55
Q

one of the four tissue types and is found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

A

nervous tissue

56
Q

a type of connective tissue that is composed of cells suspended in a fluid extracellular matrix and functions in transporting gasses and defending against disease

A

blood

57
Q

connects epithelial tissue to connective tissue

A

basement membrane

58
Q

the functions of _______ tissue are secretion, absorption, and protection

A

epithelial

59
Q

muscle cells with more than one nucleus

A

skeletal muscle cells

60
Q

a ______ gland branches repeatedly before reaching the glandular cells or secretory part

A

compound

61
Q

T/F a mucous secreting goblet cell is a unicellular gland

A

true

62
Q

the muscle tissue that can be voluntarily controlled is

A

skeletal

63
Q

muscle found in the walls of the stomach and intestines

A

smooth

64
Q

the type of epithelium that secretes into ducts that open into surfaces like skin or into body fluids

A

glandular epithelium

65
Q

T/F skin is a synovial membrane

A

false

66
Q

Describe the pigment granules of melanocytes in very dark skin

A

single, large

67
Q

body heat is lost primarily by

A

radiation

68
Q

the layers of the epidermis in order from most superficial to deep.

A

corneum, spinosum, granulosum, basale

69
Q

The later of the epidermis found only in locations such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet

A

stratum lucidum

70
Q

brownish-black and reddish yellowish pigments

A

eumelanin and phenomelanin

71
Q

acne is a disorder of the

A

sebaceous glands

72
Q

the layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis is the

A

stratum basale

73
Q

a burn affecting only the epidermis is a

A

first degree burn

74
Q

respond primarily to elevated blood temps

A

eccrine sweat glands

75
Q

Skin cells play an important role in the synthesis of _______ _____ with exposure to the sun

A

vitamin D

76
Q

The dermis is composed largely of

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

77
Q

responsible for sense of light touch

A

Meissner’s (tactile) corpuscles

78
Q

sweating cools the body by

A

evaporation

79
Q

apocrine sweat glands are most abundant in the

A

axilla

80
Q

‘degree of nines’ is used to estimate the

A

surface area of the burn

81
Q

UV light stimulates synthesis of

A

melanin

82
Q

the hardness of a nail comes from

A

keratin

83
Q

these glands secrete fat globules that mix with cellular debris, forming sebum

A

sebaceous glands

A & P 1 (4 decks)

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