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AIS > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

1
Q

AIS

A

framework of interacting parts that work together to achieve an objective

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2
Q

4 components of AIS

A

people, processes, technologies, controls

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3
Q

Data vs. Information

A

data = facts stored in system (number, date, name) info = put into context (put into invoices)

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4
Q

5 attributes of useful info

A

o Relevant
o Reliable
o Timely
o Complete
o understandable

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5
Q

value of information “equation”

A

benefits-costs

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6
Q

give-get exchanges ex.

A

Revenue: give goods / give service—get cash

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7
Q

data input capture

A

info collected for an activity

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8
Q

data input documents

A

captures data at the source when transaction takes place

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9
Q

coding techniques

A

sequence, block, group, mnemonic

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10
Q

sequence codes

A

items numbered consecutively to account for all items

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11
Q

block code

A

blocks of numbers reserved for specific categories of data

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12
Q

group codes

A

two or more subgroups of digits used to code items (i.e., clothing: first

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13
Q

mnemonic codes

A

letters and numbers interspersed to identify an item

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14
Q

crud

A
  • Creating new records
  • Reading existing data
  • Updating previous record or data
  • Deleting data
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15
Q

information output

A

Data stored in the database files can be viewed

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16
Q

eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL)

A

standard for Internet communication between businesses

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17
Q

blockchain distributed and decentralized

A

The data are distributed and
synchronized among all the participants in the network

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18
Q

blockchain consensus

A

All parties will be aware of transactions that
take place on the network and agree to the transactions
being written to the blockchain

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19
Q

blockchain immutability

A

Once transactions are confirmed on the
blockchain, they are tamperproof and cannot be altered.

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20
Q

blockchain proof of work

A

All miners compete to create the next block to be committed to the blockchain. This is done by solving a complex mathematical problem

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21
Q

blockchain proof of authority

A

The administrator identities who creating blocks are known and reputable

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22
Q

blockchain proof of stake

A

A set of validators who propose the next block lock up an amount of their cryptocurrency as a deposit to ensure honest behavior.

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23
Q

hashing

A

process that takes plaintext of any length and creates a
short code called a message digest, popularly referred to as a hash

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24
Q

ai

A

Program code that tis intended to mimic human
intelligence to accomplish a task

25
robotic process automation
Software that uses business rules and a predefined activity to autonomously complete tasks in unrelated software systems
26
machine learning
A subset of AI that relies on large amounts of data to learn patterns to use in algorithms for decision-making
27
classification vs regression
* Classification = seeks to assign labels, dividing the input into output groups, such as: * Yes or No. * Spam or Not Spam * Regression: seeks to predict real numbers, such as: * The price of a house. * The revenue in next quarter.
28
supervised learning
Output is a known set of variables o * Neural networks predict the output by using the input dataset o * The data includes pairs of inputs and outputs
29
unsupervised learning
Uses unstructured data rather than labeled data o * No input-output pairs
30
semi-supervised learning
Some data are labeled, but labels could be incorrect or missing
31
type 1 error
false positive
32
type 2 error
false negative
33
neural networks
mathematical models that convert inputs to outputs/predictions, can be nested together.
34
document flowchart
Shows the flow of documents and data for a process, useful in evaluating internal controls
35
internal control flowchart
Used to describe, analyze, and evaluate internal controls
36
system flowchart
Depicts the relationships among system input, processing, storage, and output
37
program flowchart
Illustrates the sequence of logical operations performed by a computer in executing a program
38
advantages of databases
o Data is integrated o * Data sharing o * Minimize data redundancy and inconsistencies o * Data is independent of the programs that use the data (use DBMS o between users and database) o * Data is easily accessed for reporting and cross-functional analysis
39
data storage
Efficiently and centrally coordinates information for a related group of files
40
entity integrity rule
1. All tables must have a primary key. 2. All primary keys must have unique values. 3. Primary keys cannot be blank (null)
41
referential integrity rule
IF a foreign key is not null, it must have a value that corresponds to the value of a primary key in another table
42
update anamoly
multiple update operations required that should be accomplished with one
43
insertion anomaly
when records cannot be added
44
deletion anomaly
when records cannot be removed
45
conceptual level schema
(wide view of entire database, data elements, and relationships)
46
external level schema
logical/user view
47
internal level schema
physical view
48
system development life cycle
process of creating or modifying info to meet needs of users
49
feasibility analysis
Costs analysis, does it use existing tech, is it legal, can it be developed in an allotted time, do you have the resources to implement it
50
data gathering methods
interviews, questionnaires, observation, systems documentation
51
select a system
benchmark problem, point scoring, requirement costing
52
testing the system
walk-throughs, processing test data, acceptance tests
53
system conversion
 Direct conversion  Parallel conversion  Phase-in conversion Pilot conversion
54
direct conversion
Terminates the old and begins with the new system
55
parallel conversion
Operate old and new systems for a period of time
56
phase in conversion
Gradual replacement of old elements with new system elements
57
pilot conversion
Implement a system in a part of an organization (e.g., a branch)
58
behavioral problems
* Fear * Lack of top management support * Bad prior experiences * Poor communication * Disruption * How change is introduced * Biases and emotions Age
59

AIS (2 decks)

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