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Bioethics > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Philosophy

A

The study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, mind, reason, language and values

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2
Q

Metaphysics

A

Studies reality, existence, the nature of being, physical world and universe

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3
Q

Epistemology

A

Theory of knowledge; investigates the definition, scope and boundaries of what knowledge entails

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4
Q

Logic

A

Concerned with studying the inferences we make, and the formal language developed

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5
Q

Ethics

A

Moral philosophy, a branch of philosophy that studies ideal human behavior

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6
Q

Aesthetics

A

Study of everything related to beauty, art, and good taste

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7
Q

Bioethics

A

Concerned with the moral and political issues raised by medical science

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8
Q

Hermeneutics

A

Theory and method of textual interpretation

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9
Q

Philosophy of language

A

The reasoned inquiry into the origins of language

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10
Q

Philosophy of mathematics

A

Focus on ontological and epistemological

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11
Q

Autonomy

A

Persons rational capacity for self-governance

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12
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

Not to intentionally or unintentionally inflict harm on others

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13
Q

Beneficence

A

We should do good to others

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14
Q

Utility

A

Produce the most favorable balance of good vs. bad

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15
Q

Justice

A

People getting what is fair or what is their due

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16
Q

Argument

A

At least one statement providing support for another statement

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17
Q

Deductive argument

A

an argument intended to give logically conclusive support to its conclusion

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18
Q

Inductive argument

A

An argument intended to give probable support to its conclusion

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19
Q

Valid argument

A

Not bases on how true or false the argument is but how the argument was constructed

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20
Q

Consequentialist theory

A

Asserts the that rightness of actions depends solely on their consequences

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21
Q

Deontological theory

A

Asserts that the rightness of actions is determined partly or entirely by their intrinsic value

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22
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Right actions are those that result in the mist beneficial balance of goof over bad

23
Q

Act-utilitarianism

A

The righteous actions depend solely on the relative good produced by individual actions

24
Q

Rule-utilitarianism

A

A right action is one that conforms to a rule that is followed consistently should create for everyone involved the most beneficial balance of good over bad

25
Q

Paternalism

A

The overriding of a persons actions or decision making for his or her own good

26
Q

Confidentiality

A

An obligation or pledge of physicians, nurses, and others to keep personal health information of patients unless they consent to disclosure

27
Q

Right to privacy

A

The authority of persons to control who may possess and use information about themselves

28
Q

Informed consent

A

The action of an autonomous, informed person agreeing to submit to medical treatment or experimentation

29
Q

Competence

A

The ability to render decision about medical interventions

30
Q

Waiver

A

The patients voluntary and deliberate giving up of the right to informed consent

31
Q

Therapeutic privilege

A

The withholding of relevant information form a patient when the physician becomes disclosure would likely do harm

32
Q

Clinical trial

A

A scientific study designed to systematically test a medical intervention in humans

33
Q

Blinding

A

A procedure of ensuring that subjects and researchers do not know which interventions the subjects receive

34
Q

Placebo

A

An interactive or sham treatment

35
Q

Randomization

A

The assigning of subjects randomly to both experimental and control groups

36
Q

Therapeutic trials

A

Are usually justified by the potential good to the subjects and to future patients or society

37
Q

Nontherapeutic trials

A

Are often justified by significant potential good to society

38
Q

Abortion

A

The ending of a pregnancy

39
Q

Induced abolition

A

The intentional termination of a pregnancy through drugs or surgery

40
Q

Quickening

A

A pregnant woman’s experience of fetal movement inside her

41
Q

Spontaneous abortion

A

An abortion resulting from natural causes such a birth defect or maternal injury

42
Q

Therapeutic abortion

A

Abortion performed to preserve the life or health of the mother

43
Q

Viability

A

The development stage at which the fetus can survive outside the uterus

44
Q

In vitro fertilization IVF

A

The uniting of sperm and egg in a laboratory dish instead of inside a woman’s body

45
Q

Gamete intrafallopian transfer GIFT

A

Ovarian stimulation and egg retrieval proceed as they do in IVF, but then the eggs and sperm are transferred together to a fallopian tube to fertilize

46
Q

Zygote intrafallopian transfer ZIFT

A

Depends on fertilization occurring in vitro, but an embryo is transferred not to the uterus but to a fallopian tube

47
Q

Surrogate

A

A woman who gestates a fetus for others

48
Q

Traditional surrogacy

A

Sperm from either the couples male partner or a donor is used to artificially inseminate the surrogate

49
Q

Gestational surrogacy

A

The surrogate receives a transferred embryo created through IVF using the sperm and egg of others

50
Q

Chromosome

A

A string-like gene-containing molecule in the nucleus of a cell

51
Q

Gene

A

The fundamental unit of biological inheritance e

52
Q

Genome

A

an organisms entire complement of DNA

53
Q

Gene therapy

A

The manipulation of someone’s genetic material to prevent or treat disease

Bioethics (1 decks)

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