Midterm Exam Flashcards
what is the term used to indicate deeper infection associated with periodontal pockets, furcations, and bone loss?
A. gingival abscess
B. periodontal abscess
C. periapical abscess
D. fistula
B. periodontal abscess
which of the following is not a sign or symptom of an acute periodontal abscess?
A. absence of pain
B. cervical lymphadenopathy
C. localized swelling of the gingiva
D. tooth mobility
A. absence of pain
all of the following are signs of an acute periodontal abscess except which one?
A. enlarged cervical lymph nodes
B. tooth mobility
C. cratered interproximal papilla
D. reddish blue localized tissue
C. cratered interproximal papilla
acute periodontal abscesses may be associated with which of the following
A. any tooth in the mouth
B. only mandibular teeth
C. only anterior teeth
D. only maxillary teeth
A. any tooth in the mouth
what is the initial treatment for acute periodontal abscess?
A. drainage
B. desensitization therapy
C. oral hygiene instruction
D. extraction of tooth
A. drainage
of the characteristics given, what is one main difference between an acute periodontal abscess and a chronic periodontal abscess
A. size and shape
B. color
C. pain level
D. exudate
C. pain level
where are gingival abscesses most frequently found?
A. in the pulp
B. on the anterior teeth
C. at the root of the tooth
D. on the marginal gingiva
D. on the marginal gingiva
which of the following is not a sign or symptom of gingival abscess?
A. pain
B. tooth mobility
C. redness
D. swelling
B. tooth mobility
what specific intervention is used to treat a gingival abscess caused by the intrusion of a foreign object to the area?
A. drainage and foreign object removal
B. tooth extraction
C. oral hygiene instruction
D. oral irrigation to remove the foreign object
A. drainage and foreign object removal
what is the most common dental emergency?
A. periapical abscess
B. necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis
C. periocoronitis
D. periodontal abscess
A. periapical abscess
which of the following is not a sign or symptom of a lesion of endodontic origin (leo)?
A. metallic taste in mouth
B. swelling of tissues in localized area
C. sharp pain, likely to be intermittent
D. redness of the tissue in a localized area
A. metallic taste in mouth
Your young patient indicates she has not been eating because her mouth hurts. She has not been brushing her teeth because it hurts to brush. The pain started about 3 days ago. She has a fever and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. The below image relates the intraoral findings. Your patient most likely has which of the following?
A. apthous ulcers
B. angular cheilitis
C. herpes simplex labialis
D. primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
D. primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
given the clinic description of the lesion, the dental hygienist should do which of the following?
A. recommend the patient not to brush until the lesions heal
B. cover the lesion with a protective lubricant and continue with the plan of care
C. terminate the appointment and reschedule the patient to prevent risk of virus transmission to other head and neck areas of the patient, to the hygienist, and to others
D. complete the patient assessment and treatment, but do not initiate the care planned
E. dismiss the patient and reschedule
C. terminate the appointment and reschedule the patient to prevent risk of virus transmission to other head and neck areas of the patient, to the hygienist, and to others
the generalized presence of blunted interdental papilla, fetid mouth odor, and pseudomembranous films over the gingiva is characteristic of which of the following?
A. necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis
B. pericoronitis
C. herpetic gingivostomatitis
D. gingival abscess
A. necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis
significant changes in sexual function for both males and females are associated with long term use of which of the following?
A. inhalants
B. alcohol
C. amphetamines
D. anabolic steroids
D. anabolic steroids
when a person experiences vomiting, diarrhea, rapid pulse, anxiety, severe cramps, high blood pressure, and severe headaches after stopping drug use, he or she has shown signs of which of the following?
A. physiologic dependence
B. addiction
C. psychogenic dependence
D. tolerance
A. physiologic dependence
which is the most important reason for the dental hygienist to determine if a patient is drug dependent?
A. interactions between an abused substance and a dental anesthetic could pose a life threatening situation for the patient
B. drug abusers may request prescriptions for pain
C. drug abusers may premedicate intravenous
D. drug users have a higher evidence of HIV infection and Hep B, C, and D
A. interactions between an abused substance and a dental anesthetic could pose a life threatening situation for the patient
your patient is a 20 year old man. he wears sunglasses and appears extremely energetic. he has a rapid speech pattern. on extraoral examination you note that his pupils appear dilated and there is little pupillary reaction to light. you ask what he ate for lunch, and he states that he has not yet eaten today. you suspect he might have taken which of the following?
A. barbiturates
B. heroin
C. cocaine
D. alcohol
C. cocaine
most persons who abuse substances present a treatment risk for scaling and root planing owing to which of the following?
A. b and c
B. increased bleeding
C. increased healing time
D. increased risk of bacterial endocarditis
A. b and c
persons with substance abuse behavior often exhibit which of the following?
A. depressed tissue response
B. higher incidence of infection
C. prolonged bleeding time during srp procedures
D. all are applicable
D. all are applicable
your patient is 21 years old and presents with rampant caries and advanced periodontal disease, poor oral hygiene. which of the following is the most likely drug your patient is using?
A. cocaine
B. cannabis
C. methamphetamine
D. alcohol
C. methamphetamine
which of the following is the most commonly misused substance?
A. methamphetamines
B. alcohol
C. steroids
D. cocaine
B. alcohol
which of the following is the most commonly used illicit drug?
A. marijuana
B. cocaine
C. methamphetamine
D. heroine
A. marijuana
laws are changing to legalize marijuana. marijuana potency has decreased in the last 10 years, making it safer.
A. both statements are false
B. the first statement is true, the second statement is false
C. the first statement is false, the second statement is true
D. both statements are true
B. the first statement is true, the second statement is false
which of the following classifications of medications is most prescribed?
A. amphetamines
B. opioid analgesics
C. barbiturates
D. anabolic steroids
B. opiod analgesics
symptoms of alcohol poisoning include all of the following except which one?
A. slow pulse
B. unresponsiveness
C. slow irregular breathing
D. vomiting
A. slow pulse
which of the following oral findings is associated with marijuana use?
A. leukoplakia and gingival enlargement
B. bruxism
C. increased caries
A. leukoplakia and gingival enlargement
misuse of which of the following drugs can lead to severe bruxism?
A. opioid analgesics
B. cocaine
C. inhalants
D. marijuana
B. cocaine
upon oral examination, your findings reveal poor oral hygiene, xerostomia, tooth erosion, broken teeth, cervical caries, gingival bleeding, glossitis, and a coated tongue. which of the following is your patient most likely using?
A. opiates
B. cocaine
C. methamphetamines
D. alcohol
D. alcohol
which of the following should lead to a suspicion of substance abuse?
A. rapid mood swings
B. frequently requests excuses from work
C. misses appointments
D. all are applicable
D. all are applicable
which is a local contributing factor to periodontal disease?
A. immunosuppresion
B. xerostomia
C. positive genotype status
D. subgingival crown margin
D. subgingival crown margin
the client exhibits periodontal pocket of 6mm. the recession is 2mm and the distance from gingival margin to mucogingival junction is 10m. what is the amount of attached gingiva
A. 4mm
B. 6mm
C. 2mm
D. 8mm
A. 4mm
all are categories of drugs that cause drug influenced gingival enlargement except:
A. calcium channel blockers
B. antiplatelet agents
C. immunosuppressive drugs
D. antiseizure medications
B. antiplatelet agents
which inflammatory mediator is overproduced in persons who test positive for genes associated with advanced periodontal disease?
A. prostaglandin E2
B. interleukin -1
C. tumor necrosis factor
D. lipopolysaccharide
B. interleukin -1
cufflike band of squamous cell epithelium that completely encircles the tooth is:
A. alveolar mucosa
B. clinical attachment level
C. junctional epithelium
D. gingival sulcus
C. junctional epithelium
which is frequently associated with aggressive periodontitis?
A. porphyromonas gingivalis
B. tannerella forsythensis
C. aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
D. campylobacter rectus
C. aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
what is the term for vibration or movement of teeth when in contacting position?
A. secondary occlusal trauma
B. fremitus
C. primary occlusal trauma
D. mobility
B. fremitus
all are types of plaque induced gingivitis except which one?
A. gingivitis modified by systemic factors
B. modified by viral infections
C. modified by medications
D. modified by malnutrition
B. modified by viral infections
persons who smoke are more prone to periodontitis because smoking does which?
A. vasodilation of blood vessels
B. increases oxygen flow to gingiva
C. increases growth of pathogenic microorganisms
D. impairs neutrophil function
D. impairs neutrophil function
which is an inflammatory cytokine related to collagen destruction in persons with periodontitis?
A. interleukin -1
B. prostaglandin
C. matrix metalloproteinases
D. lipopolysaccharides
C. matrix metalloproteinases
what type of periodontitis is slow forming, found in an immunocomplement individual, and has an onset at age 40?
A. aggressive
B. chronic
C. refractory
D. systemic
B. chronic
when the junction epithelium has migrated below the CEJ but remains above the crest of the alveolar bone, what type of pocket results?
A. intrabony
B. suprabony
C. pseudopockets
D. horizontal pockets
B. suprabony
clinical attachment level is determined by comparing the distance from the CEJ to the:
A. crest of trabecular bone
B. mucogingival junction
C. gingival margin
D. base of sulcus
D. base of sulcus
which can be seen on a radiograph?
A. mesial bone
B. depth of interdental crater
C. tooth mobility
D. facial bone
A. mesial bone
in which lesion stage of the page and shroeder model of inflammation would acute disease be found?
A. advanced
B. initial
C. established
D. early
D. early
on examination of furca, the nabers probe will go completely through the furcation that is covered by soft tissue. what class?
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
C. III
a healthy periodontium consists of four physical units: gingiva, cementum, and:
A. periodontal ligament and alveolar process
B. alveolar process and trabecular bone
C. free marginal gingiva and dentin
D. masticatory mucosa and cancellous bone
A. periodontal ligament and alveolar process
specific pathogenic bacteria are necessary for periodontal disease initiation, but they are not sufficient to cause periodontal destruction alone.
A. both statements are true
B. first statement is true, second statement is false
C. first statement is false, second statement is true
D. both statements are false
A. both statement are true
which is a modifiable risk factor associated with periodontitis ?
A. previous history of periodontitis
B. genetics
C. gender
D. diabetes
D. diabetes
in healthy dentition, how many mm will the free gingiva be coronal to the CEJ
A. 5
B. 4
C. 6
D. 2
D. 2
periodontitis is a risk factor for all systemic diseases except:
A. myasthenia gravis
B. preterm birth delivery
C. coronary heart disease
D. respiratory disease
A. myasthenia gravis
laboratory blood tests to identify risks for uncontrolled bleeding include all of the following except which one?
A. prothrombin time
B. international normalized ration
C. platelet count
D. pulmonary function test
D. pulmonary function test
which of the following is the most common oral drug taken to reduce formation of blood clots within blood vessels?
A. hydrochlorothiazide
B. metformin
C. warfarin
D. wellbutrin
C. warfarin
follow up questions to determine the risks associated with abnormalities of bleeding when a patient has reported positively on the medical history assessment, would include all of the following except which one?
A. identify the nature of the bleeding problem
B. identify the cause of the bleeding problem
C. identify any previous problems associated with oral healthcare procedures
D. identify vaccination for hepatitis
D. identify vaccination for hepatitis
what bleeding time is acceptable for performing routine oral health procedures?
A. <10 minutes
B. <15 minutes
C. <20 minutes
D. <25 minutes
C. <20 minutes
which of the following forms of hepatitis post the greatest risk for occupational exposure?
A. HCV
B. HAV
C. HEV
D. HDV
A. HCV
follow up questions for the patient that answers positively to hepatitis on a health history assessment would include which of the following?
A. identify which type of hepatitis the patient had or has
B. identify bleeding problems
C. identify the type of treatment that was received and if successful to resolve the viral infection
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
which of the following recommendations for an occupational exposure to the blood of a patient that has reported positively to an infectious bloodborne microorganism would be the first response?
A. provide immediate care to the exposure site by washing the wound and skin with soap and water
B. consider the type of fluid involved
C. consider the type of exposure
D. initiate postexposure prophylaxis
A. provide immediate care to the exposure site by washing the wound and skin with soap and water
the main treatment consideration for a patient with a medical history of HIVD or AIDS is to:
A. prevent infection in the oral cavity
B. perform regular periodontal debridement procedures
C. recommend daily use of an antimicrobial mouthrinse
D. educate patients about nontraumatic plaque removal techniques
A. prevent infection in the oral cavity
special dental management considerations for sickle cell anemia would include all of the following except which one?
A. oral healthcare should be done during noncrisis periods
B. avoid long appointments
C. use of low does vasoconstrictors are recommended
D. use of vigorous instrumentation techniques
D. use of vigorous instrumentation techniques
the dental hygienist is most likely to get a positive response when suggesting that a drug-abusing patient seek help when the patient is in which stage of change?
A. precontemplation
B. contemplation
C. preparation
D. action
E. maintenance and relapse prevention
C. preparation
a possible genetic factor that has been implicated in addiction and other psychiatric disorders interferes with the metabolism of the biochemical neurotransmitter:
A. acetylcholine
B. dendrites
C. enkephalin
D. epinephrine
E. serotonin
E. serotonin
a substance abuser has a low inherited predisposition of addictive behaviors, and is the first incidence of drug abuse was short term. which of the following will happen if another incidence of drug abuse occurs?
A. the level of addiction will be reach more quickly if there is a relapse
B. the sensitivity of the brain chemistry will return to normal, so it will take the same amount of time to reach addiction
C. the predisposition for addictive behaviors increases
D. both A and C will happen
E. both B and C will happen
E. both B and C will happen
all of the following statements about women and alcoholism are true except which one?
A. women have less total body water, which results in higher blood alcohol concentrations.
B. gonadal hormones may have an effect on blood alcohol levels at different points during the menstrual cycle.
C. women who use alcohol during pregnancy face the risk of delivering a child with fetal alcohol syndrome.
D. the death rate for women from alcoholism is less than for men.
E. alcohol dehydrogenase, an enzyme necessary to initiate the breakdown of alcohol in the stomach, is found in lower quantities in women than in men.
D. the death rate for women from alcoholism is less than for men
persons with substance abuse behavior often exhibit which of the following?
1. depressed tissue response
2. prolonged bleeding time during scaling and root planing
3. increased immune system functions
4. higher incidence of infection
1, 2, and 4
