Midterm Exam Flashcards
Supernumerary breast
-Supernumerary breast
- abnormal accessory breast tissue is found in addition to normal breast tissue
Polymastia
Supernumerary nipples
Polythelia
-combination of chest wall and
upper-limb anomalies that are generally unilateral although
a few bilateral cases have been reported.
- It is more frequent in males and on the right side. The
prevalence, approximately 1 in 20,000 to 30,000 births,1 is
thought to be underestimated.
POLAND
SYNDROME
are congenital deformities of
breast. They are defined by reduced
parenchymal volume and herniation of breast
tissue through the nipple-areola complex.
TUBULAR/TUBEROU
S BREAST
Breast asymmetry on a mammogram report means that
part of the breast looks different from other parts of the
same breast or the other breast.1 This is often due to
benign (not harmful) changes.
IDIOPATHIC
ASYMMETRY
absence of the
entire breast — including the breast
tissue, nipple and areola.
AMASTIA
is an increase in the amount of breast
gland tissue in boys or men. An imbalance of the
hormones estrogen and testosterone causes it.
GYNECOMA
STIA
The breast should be
inspected with the patient
seated in the following
positions:
-hands pressing on the top
of the head
-arms raised in the air
-arms at the side
-hands pressing on the
hips
Inspection
lump, skin dimpling, change in skin color or texture, change in how nipple looks, like pulling in of the nipple, clear or bloody fluid that leaks out of the nipple
need additional imaging evaluation and/or for mammography, obtaining previous images not available at the time of reading
BI-RADS 0: incomplete
BI-RADS
BREAST IMAGING-REPORTING AND DATA SYSTEM
symmetrical and no masses, architectural distortion, or suspicious calcifications
BI-RADS 1: negative
0% probability of malignancy
BI-RADS 2: benign
<2% probability of malignancy
short interval follow-up suggested
BI-RADS 3: probably benign
2-95% probability of malignancy
BI-RADS 4: suspicious for malignancy
low suspicion for malignancy (2-9%)
BI-RADS 4A
moderate suspicion for malignancy (10-49%)
BI-RADS 4B:
high suspicion for malignancy (50-94%)
BI-RADS 4C
-highly suggestive of malignancy
->95% probability of malignancy
-appropriate action should be taken
BI-RADS 5
known biopsy-proven malignancy
BI-RADS 6
-an area of abnormal breast tissue with a shape and margins that make it look different than the rest of the breast tissue
MASSES
Round, oval, lobular or irregular Circumscribed oval and round masses -
BENIGN Ill
Indistinct, irregular or speculated masses
MALIGNANT
Circumscribed (low malignancy), microlobulated, obscured (partially hidden by adjacent tissue), indistinct (ill-defined), or spiculated (characterized by lines radiating from the mass)
margin
