Midterm Exam Flashcards
This period shows the Filipino customs and traditions in everyday life as traced in their folk stories, old plays, and short stories.
Pre-Spanish Period (1565)
Ancient Filipinos alphabet is similar to what alphabet?
the Malayo-Polynesian Alphabet.
Pre-Spanish Literature is characterized by:
A. Legends
B.Folktales
C. Epics
D. Folk Songs
E. Epigrams, riddles, chants
F. Proverbs and Sayings
During this period, many changes occurred in the lives of Filipinos that eventually bled into its literature.
Spanish Period (1565-1898)
It talks about the origin of a thing, place, location, or name
A. Legends
stories about life, adventure, horror, and humor
B.Folktales
long narrative poem about heroic achievements.
C. Epics
oldest form of Philippine literature.
D. Folk Songs
consist of stanzas of wit and wisdom
E. Epigrams, riddles, chants
laws and rules for good behavior.
F. Proverbs and Sayings
Who introduced Catholicism
Spanish
What are the Spanish Influences on the development of Philippine Literature:
1.The first Filipino alphabet was replaced by the Roman Alphabet.
2.The first book was printed in the Philippines then entitled “Doctrina Cristiana en lengua Española y Tagala”
3. The first university was established in 1611: The University of Santo Tomas.
4.The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices.
5. The Spanish language became the literary language with many of its words still in use today.
6. European Legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
7. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects.
8. Many grammar books were printed in Tagalog (Filipino), Ilocano, and Visayan.
9. Periodicals took on a religious tone during this period.
In this period The Filipino spirit reawakened after the martyrdom of the three priests Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora.
The Period of Enlightenment (1872-1898)
These are intellectual men who were educated in Europe who pushed for the Philippines to be liberated from the hands of the Spanish rulers.
Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora.
many Filipinos who showed their courage and fought for freedom. One of them is our national hero
Dr. Jose P. Rizal (Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Alonzo y Realonda), who used writing as his weapon of revolt against the Spaniards.
the book that gave spirit to the propaganda movement.
. Noli Me Tangere
- the sequel of Noli that talks about politics
El Filibusterismo
popular with his pen name Plaridel, Pupdoh, Piping Dilat, and Dolores Manapat.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
he established the first magazine LA SOLIDARIDAD which later became the official voice of the Association of Fispano de Filipinas (Filipino-Spanish Association) composed of Filipinos and Spaniards who worked for reforms in the Philippines.
Graciano Lopez Jaena
In this period Filipino writers explored all forms of literature like news reporting, poetry, stories, plays, essays, and novels.
American Regime (1898-1941)
There were three groups of writers who contributed to Philippine Literature
Spanish, Tagalog, and English writers.
(English became a medium of instruction)
(The Tagalog writers continued in their lamentations)
wrote poems dedicated to Rizal, Jacinto, Mabini and all other heroes. (e.g. A Rizal)
- Cecilio Apostol
. She penned the critically acclaimed and Filipino classic “Dead Stars.”
Paz Marquez Benitez
known for infusing “local color” in his works.
Manuel Arguilla
“Morning in Nagrebcan” and “How my Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife”
Manuel Arguilla
Father of Tagalog Novel”
Valeriano Hernandez Pena
This period gave an advantageous stance on Filipino Literature, which experienced renewed attention because writers in English turned to write in Filipino and other vernacular languages.
Japanese Period (1941-1945)
wanted to promote nationalism in Filipinos and the Filipinos’ “Asianness”
Japanese
who used to write in English turned to use Filipino because of the strict prohibition of the Japanese regarding writing in English.
Juan Laya
The weekly LIWAYWAY was placed under strict surveillance until it was taken over by?
a Japanese named Ishiwara
poem of free verse that the Japanese liked. It has 17 syllables - 5 syllables on the first and third lines, and 7 syllables on the second. This is allegorical in meaning, short, and covers wide scope in meaning.
Haiku
has measure and rhyme. Each line has 17 syllables and is also allegorical in meaning.
Tanaga
poem written in Japanese period where rhyme scheme and verse are not prescribed.
Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form
early post-liberation period was marked by a “struggle of mind and spirit” caused by the sudden emancipation from the enemy and the wild desire to see print.
The Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)
The Palanca Awards was launched in the
1950s, giving inspiration and tribute to Filipino writers
Because of the ills of society, the youth moved to reforms.
The Period of Activism (1970-1972)
The youth became strong and rebellious during this period.
The Literary Revolution
campus newspapers showed rebellious emotions because of the economic and social situation that is quite palpable during this time.
First Quarter Storm of 1970
The Period of Activism (1970-1972)
They held pens and wrote on placards in red paint the equivalent of the word MAKIBATA
(To dare!)
When Martial Law was declared in 1972 by the late President Ferdinand Edralin Marco
Period of the New Society (1972-1980)
The freest press in Asia, censorship on critical news and information, related to the government were banned.
the Ministry of Public Affairs that supervised the newspapers, books and other publications.
Period of the New Society (1972-1980)
Almost all themes in most writings dealt with the development or progress of the country - like the Green Revolution, family planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug addiction, and pollution. The new society tried to stop pornography and writings that had negative influences on people’s morals. All school newspapers, as well as school organizations, were temporarily stopped.
Period of the New Society (1972-1980)
After the Aquino assassination, the people’s voices calling for a change in leadership could no longer be contained
Period of the third Republic (1981-1985)
women, men, and youth became more daring and raised their voices in protest: SOBRA NA! PALITAN NA!” “TAMA NA!
We can say that Philippine Literature, in spite of the many restrictions, still surreptitiously RETAINED ITS LUSTER.
Period of the third Republic (1981-1985)
As democracy was restored in the presidency of Corazon Aquino
Post EDSA Period (1986-present)
- On Newspapers and other publications: Newspapers that were once branded crony newspapers became instant opposition papers overnight.
- On Books: As a new era begins, the moments of the glorious, bloodless revolution were commemorated. Some of these books were “People Power” and “Bayan ko”.
Post EDSA Period (1986-present)
These events were etched in history, and literature bore witness to them
literature was used to give voice to those who were not heard and to represent those who could not stand on their own.
conversational language presented orally or in writing.
does not follow any rhyming sequence nor go after any metrical regularity. It is composed of phrases, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs
can also employ the use of figurative language to create an added aesthetic effect.
Prose
Types of Prose
Fiction
Novel
Novella
Short story
Legend
Myth
Fable
Parable
There are different types of conflict:
- Person vs. Person
- Person vs. Nature
- Person vs. Society
- Person vs. Self
- Person vs. Technology
the introduction of the story.
Exposition
speaks a lot about the progress of the story
Rising Action
the highest peak of emotion and tension is found in this part of the story.
Climax
the cooling phase of the story linking to the resolution.
Falling Action
either reveals the happy ending or the opposite
Resolution/Denouement
There are three types of simple POV:
First Person POV- “I, me, we, mine”.
Second Person POV-“you, your, yours”.
Third Person POV -“she, he, and they”.
is when the narrator knows everything in the story, even the things that are not yet being unfolded to the characters themselves.Third-person narrator uses this perspective
Omniscient
suggests that the narrator is given limited idea of the things in the story.
the limited POV
subgenre that deals with facts and real events
anchors its content to what is usually set in the real world.
Nonfiction
Subgenres of Nonfiction
Autobiography-an account of one’s own life.
Memoir-a narrative of an episode in one’s life which usually contains a certain memorable experience.
Biography-an account of someone’s life written by another person.
Essay- a narrative about a certain theme, topic, or information. It can be informative or entertaining.
Diary- a personal record of a person’s daily activities.
Journal-logs of events that happen to a person or group. Unlike diaries, journals do not need to be written every day or include the date on which they were written.
composed of a different set of elements. It follows rhyming, rhythm, and meter. But like prose, it makes use of figurative language, symbolism, and other literary devices.
Poetry
a critically acclaimed poet and winner of the SEA writer award, poetry is a genre that requires “aesthetic of sensation”.
Ophelia Dimalanta
describes important details in the order of events whether real or imaginary.
Narrative Poetry -
Metrical Tale - written in verse that relates to real or imaginary events
Metrical Romance - a metrical tale revolving around chivalry and love
strongly emotional event. It is halfway between the lyric and the epic. Also, the songs that are usually accompanied with dances and whose authors are typically not known.
Ballad -
short poem which that is songlike
Lyric Poetry -
serious poetry that commemorates public events.
Ode
poem that deals with life and death.
Elegy
poem that deals with love and mostly consists of 14 lines.
Sonnet
tells stories like the narrative poetry but is usualy in a form of dialogues in plays with rhymes, repeating rhythms, and other poetic elements
Dramatic Poetry -
is a literary genre that can use both prose and poetry. It differs using dialogue. This genre is typically intended to be performed on stage or in motion pictures. As a result, the characters are now referred to as actors.
drama
Subgenres of Drama
Tragedy - the plot of the story will lead to a tragic ending. One example is Wilfrido Ma Guerrero’s Half an Hour in a Convent.
Historical - sometimes called period drama for it showcases stories that took place in a particular, specific significant time in history. Lualhati Bautista’s Dekada ‘70 falls in this type.
Melodrama - strong emotion is present in this drama.
Musical - the use of singing and dancing during the execution of the drama.X Singing and dancing are always integral and part of the development of the plot. Rak of Aegis by Liza Magtoto is an example.
