Midterm Exam Flashcards
British East India Co.
British Company that had a monopoly over trade in Asia, had an army, could acquire territory, and issue money
Treaty of Nanjing
End of First Opium War, began Treaty Port System
Treaty Port System
Granted commercial benefits to European traders in select Chinese cities
Self-Strengthening Movement
Strategy of Qing Dynasty to regain prestige through education
Sino-Japanese War
War between China and Japan that ended with the Treaty of Shimonoseki
Warlord China
China from 1916-1928, Local warlords ran the show
Northern Expedition
War by Nationalist Party to eliminate local warlords
Nanjing Decade
Nationalist decade of power focused around Nanjing, emphasis on military strength to unify the nation
Chinese Civil War
Power struggle between the Nationalist Party and the Communist Party, following WWII
Korean War
China backed North Korea, and the CCP used the war to consolidate domestic power
Geneva Conference
Zhou Enlai’s first diplomatic meeting with the West
Bandung Conference
Anti-colonialism conference with 29 third-world countries in attendance
Sino-Soviet Split
Fallout between Mao and Khrushchev , leading to worsened relations between USSR and China
Sino-American Rapprochement
Kissinger’s visit to Beijing, Shanghai Communiqué, Mao opening to the West to limit USSR’s power
Ping-Pong Diplomacy
Diplomatic relations sparked by relations between Chinese and US table tennis teams
Shanghai Communiqué
Peaceful coexistence,
recognition of “One China,” bilateral
trade
Tiananmen Square Massacre
Caused by inflation crisis in late 80s, Student protests over the death of Hu Yaobang led to potentially thousands dead
Deng’s Southern Tour
1992, Attempt to show Deng as active and influential, showed that Reform and Opening did not end at Tiananmen
Tan-Zam Railway
Railway built by China through Tanzania and Zambia to connect copper mines to sea. Socialist Internationalism example.
Li Hongzhang
Qing minister who negotiated Treaty of Shimonoseki
Sun Yat-Sen
Leader of Nationalist Party during Warlord Era
Chiang Kai-Shek
Successor to Sun as head of Nationalists, positioned party against Communists
Yuan Shikai
President of Republic of China, before declaring himself emperor
Hua Guofeng
Successor to Mao, found himself surrounded by allies of Deng
Zhou Enlai
Premier of CCP, skilled diplomat
Deng Xiaoping
Leader of CCP after Hua, Reform and Opening Policy
Extraterritoriality
Foreigners exempted from the law of the country they are in
Concessions
Negotiated outcomes for the losing side of a war
Alignment
Attraction or affinity
between states associated
with cooperative behavior
Socialist Internationalism
The belief that national socialist movements and their
participants belong to a single global class struggle
Foreign Aid
International transfer of capital,
goods, and/or services for the
benefit of the recipient country
Mao Zedong Thought
Focus on ideology, class struggle, mobilization
Global Maoism
Mao’s belief in a global united front
against imperialism and revolutionary
war
Diplomatic Normalization
Process of establishing or restoring
formal diplomatic relations between
two countries
Rapprochement
An establishment or resumption of
harmonious relations, especially
between countries
Dual Track Reform
Planned economy and free market
Deng Xiaoping Theory
Pragmatism over ideology; 4 modernizations – Agriculture,
Industry, Defense, Science &
Technology
Deng’s Foreign Policy
Prioritize economic development and
peaceful international environment; keep lower international profile
Lovell
Opium Wars
Ebrey
China in the early 20th Century
Matson
War of Resistance against Japan
Garver
Bandung Conference
Evans
Global Maoism
Galway
Tan-Zam Railway
Chen
Sino-American Rapprochement
Naughton
Dual Track Strategy
Harding
Tiananmen
TVEs
Township & Village Enterprises; Non-state owned rural enterprises that increased rural income
SEZs
Special Economic Zones; Geographic areas authorized to
experiment with freer markets and
offer benefits like lower taxes to
potential investors
