Midterm Exam Flashcards
A language difference is categorized as a language disorder.
false
From birth to age 3, how many more words are spoken to a child from a professional family or higher SES compared to a child born into poverty?
30 million
What is motherese? Give a brief definition and include at least 2 characteristics of this type of speech.
Motherese is a way of communicating with a child. It is also called “baby talk.”
Slow rate, higher pitch, repetition, and exaggeration are characteristics of this kind of speech.
What is expressive language? What is receptive language? Which one is established first in speech and language development?
Expressive language is a child’s or person’s ability to communicate their thoughts, feelings wants, and needs using words, gestures, signs and or symbols.
Receptive language is a child’s or persons ability to understand and comprehend spoken, written or any other forms of communication.
Name 3 communicative gestures/behaviors that children do pre-language.
Waving, nodding, pointing, reaching, giving, showing.
All of these sounds should be present/mastered by age 3 according to Sanders (1972)
/p/ & /b/
A child is referred to your office for a hearing screening by the pediatrician for a cloudy eardrum. The child is 2 years old and only speaks 5 words as reported by his mother. She stated her pregnancy was unremarkable, but her son was born at 37 weeks and was 5lbs (low birthweight). He passed the follow-up hearing screening at birth and is meeting all his other milestones. No reported ear infections, head trauma or hospital stays. The child’s hearing is normal, bilaterally.
Do you have concerns about this child’s speech and language development? Why or why not? How would you counsel the mother? Would you make any referrals? If so, to which professional(s)?
I would make a referral to an SLP and for early intervention for this child because by this age, the child should be able to speak 2 or 3 word phrases and speak more than the 5 words they are at this time. Since I am not a professional in speech in language, I would want to verify and have a second opinion for this child as opposed to them falling through the cracks and getting behind on their speech and language development. I would also make a referral to an ENT for the cloudy eardrum to be evaluated appropriately.
I would let the mother know that there are no concerns for her child’s hearing at this time, that the child’s hearing is within the normal range in both ears and that I would like for an ENT to evaluate his eardrum as the appearance does not appear to be the same color as the other ear drum. I would also let the mother know that I would like for her child to see an SLP for them to make sure the cloudy ear drum is not affecting his ability to communicate with their peers.
I would also refer to the pediatrician to oversee the child’s progress and AZEIP. I would also counsel the mother to narrate her day.
What are possible causes/comorbid conditions for a specific language impairment (SLI)
There is no known cause/comorbid conditions for a SLI
which are NOT true regarding Autism
Affects more girls than boys
There is a causal link between vaccines and Autism
What is early intervention and who provides it (people and/or agencies)?
enrollment in therapy services as early as possible, funded by the state (headstart/AZEIP or privately), SLP, audiologist, parents (birth to 3)
Early intervention is provided for children and it is a primary prevention strategy in order to keep a disorder from developing at all or at the least, reducing the severity of a disorder.
Early intervention is provided by the state/government from birth to 3 years old. Once that child reaches 3, the school district/headstart is responsible for providing early intervention for that child.
What is a child-centered (or a patient centered) approach? What is a clinician-driven (audiologist/SLP driven) approach? Which approach do you favor and why?
Patient-centered approach is when the child/patient sets the tone of the therapy.
A clinician driven approach is when the provider sets the tone of the therapy.
I prefer a mix of both of these. I think of the example you provided in class with audiology and hearing aids. I think it is important to both address the patient’s concerns and wants, as well as making sure the hearing aids are set to where they need to be for that patient’s particular hearing loss. From my personal experience, if you only use a clinician driven approach, the patient’s are not as happy with their devices and are more likely to return them and not utilize them. But if we fully use the patient-centered approach, they may not be receiving the full benefit of the hearing aids that they need to be.
Limited awareness of the irregular speech pattern; presents with excessive whole word repetitions, unfinished words and interjections (well, um)
cluttering
Presents with (secondary) avoidance and struggle behaviors
stuttering
Speech delivery rate which is either abnormally fast (“machine-gun speech”), irregular, or both
cluttering
Heightened awareness of communication difficulties; the forward flow of speech is interrupted abnormally by repetitions or prolongations of a sound
stuttering
According to the research by Dr. Patricia Kuhl, infants can learn language in which way(s)
in person
The longer the stuttering continues, the less likely it is to be resolved and the more likely it is to increase in severity.
true
Which treatment is more effective at addressing the emotions of disfluency?
Stuttering Modification Therapy OR Fluency Shaping Therapy
Stuttering Modification Therapy
Give a brief 2-3 sentence description of Elderspeak and if it should be used with the geriatric population.
Talking down to elders or only speaking to their caregiver/spouse/family, making them feel incompetent. No, the patient should be the one spoken to unless directed otherwise. Patients will shutdown if they think that you are talking down to them or think they are incompetent.
Evaluations and therapy should be conducted using standardized forms rather than tailored to the individual so that progress can be tracked.
false
What hearing threshold level is considered normal for children? Why (what listening situations do they struggle with)?
Their pure tone hearing thresholds are considered normal at 15dB HL or better. This is because they have more difficulty in noisy environments, with reverberations, and talker variability.
According to the week 2 NPR study, babies cry in an intonation pattern similar to the language of their primary caregiver.
true
