Midterm Exam

Question 1

policy typology

Answer 1

policy design, policy shapes politics, distributive (narrow benefits broad costs), redistributive (narrow benefits narrow costs), competitive regulatory and protective regulatory (broad benefits narrow costs), keep costs low and expand benefits

Question 2

policy typology case study

Answer 2

distributive: farm subsidies, redistributive: welfare/affordable action, competitive regulatory: licensing, protective regulatory: climate change policy, Job Corps as redistributive and competitive regulatory

Question 3

causal stories

Answer 3

problem definition, underlying values and symbols, intentional (purposeful and intended), mechanistic (unguided and intended), inadvertent (purposeful and unintended), accidental (unguided and unintended)

Question 4

causal stories case study

Answer 4

intentional: QAnon, mechanistic: rigid bureaucracy, inadvertent: cruise cars stopping, accidental: natural disasters

Question 5

social constructions of target populations

Answer 5

politics shapes policy design, advantaged (positive deservingness high power, high burdens low benefits), dependents (positive deservingness low power, symbolic benefits high burdens), contenders (low deservingness high power, high benefits symbolic burdens), deviants (low deservingness low power, low benefits high burdens), feed-forward effect

Question 6

social construction of target populations case study

Answer 6

advantaged: elderly AARP, dependents: welfare, contenders: politicians low pay and perks, deviants: medical marijuana sin taxes

Question 7

multiple streams framework

Answer 7

politics shapes policy, problem (problem ID), policy (solution ID), and political (choices) streams, change happens when policy window opens, streams are ready for coupling, and policy entrepreneur promotes change, policy entrepreneur puts time and effort into pet project

Question 8

multiple streams framework case study

Answer 8

Violence Against Women Act passed because streams aligned: became non-private issue, OJ Simpson trial, interest group chapters across US, politicians saw need for solution

Question 9

punctuated equilibrium theory

Answer 9

politics shapes policy agenda, agenda universe vs systemic agenda vs institutional agenda, relatively stable and incremental until an isolated incident disrupts closed subsystem (iron triangle: politicians, interest group, bureaucracy) with positive feedback

Question 10

punctuated equilibrium theory case study

Answer 10

Justice for Libre PA group after one dog rescued by delivery driver an animal rescuer started Facebook messaging and legislative lobbying followed by Humane Society PA so comprehensive law passed and Animal Protection caucus founded

Question 11

advocacy coalition framework

Answer 11

informal AC subsystems, deep core vs policy core vs secondary beliefs, policy brokers find consensus and mitigate conflict, devil shift (see opponents as malicious and powerful), policy learning

Question 12

advocacy coalition framework case study

Answer 12

advocacy coalition of municipal officials, local businesses, residents, cultural programs, development scholars, and development policy experts for rural placemaking, mayor as policy broker to find consensus among competing economic and cultural interests, aligned by deep core belief that community is important and policy core belief that municipal development can facilitate community, secondary beliefs differ based on limited resources, physical space, and community vision

Question 13

narrative policy framework

Answer 13

politics shapes policy, framing issue through story with setting, characters, plot, moral, combines narrative with strategies like emotional appeal, shared values, personalization, simple repetitive messages

Question 14

narrative policy framework case study

Answer 14

Texas school vouchers and funding, in different messaging, heroes and villains, characters are different political party interests and public school children

Question 15

policy diffusion

Answer 15

politics shapes policy, internal determinants (politics, economic, social) vs external determinants (learning, imitation, normative pressure, competition, coercion)

Question 16

policy diffusion case study

Answer 16

book bans, performance-based community college funding, lottery and medical marijuana as tax revenue

Question 17

policy feedback

Answer 17

policy shapes politics, interpretive and resource effects from payments and rules/procedures cause civic engagement through higher capacity and predisposition

Question 18

policy feedback case study

Answer 18

GI Bill benefits created capacity to politically engage and feelings of deservingness because universal program

Question 19

policy implementation

Answer 19

top-down (defined goals) vs bottom-up (abilities and motivations of SLBs) approach, policy failure (circumstances, inaccuracy, ineffective tools) especially administrative burdens (learning, compliance, psychological costs) by SLBs (workload and discretion)

Question 20

policy implementation case study

Answer 20

banning DEI curriculum from top-down seems successful but SLBs can change names to stay in compliance, book bans do not have clear defined language so Iowa superintendent tells teacher he cannot say “slavery is wrong”