Midterm Exam

Question 1

What is a felony?

Answer 1

Crime where jail exceeds over a year

Question 2

What is a misdemeanor?

Answer 2

Crime where jail does not more than a year

Question 3

What is actus rea?

Answer 3

The act of committing the crime

Question 4

What is mens rea?

Answer 4

The intent to commit a crime

Question 5

What is Mala Prohibita?

Answer 5

Crimes that are illegal because the criminal statute made it illegal

Question 6

What is Mala in se?

Answer 6

Crimes that are considered to violate morality 9 (Evil)

Question 7

What is wantonness?

Answer 7

Lacking of restraint or control

Question 8

What is Negligence?

Answer 8

Failure to behave in the regular care of a reasonable person

Question 9

What is an Insanity Defense

Answer 9

Someone using mental illness to get out of criminal consequences

Question 10

What is Self Defense

Answer 10

Someone using the act of protection as a reason they committed a crime

Question 11

What is Duress

Answer 11

Act of committing a crime due to threats from another person

Question 12

What is a mistake

Answer 12

When someone is committing a crime they didn’t know they were committing

Question 13

What is infancy?

Answer 13

The defendant did not have the mental capacity to be held legally responsible for their actions because of age

Question 14

What is entrapment?

Answer 14

When an individual commits a crime because of harassment from the police

Question 15

What are the steps of the criminal justice process?

Answer 15

(1) the commission of the crime, (2) arrest by law enforcement, (3) prosecution of a case in the trial courts, and (4) detention and supervision by corrections agencies.

Question 16

What are the steps of court?

Answer 16

Arrest
Initial Appearance
Preliminary Hearing
Arraignment
Trial

Question 17

What is the correctional process?

Answer 17

that process within the criminal justice system that punishes, treats, and/or rehabilitates offenders for their crimes.

Question 18

What is the parole process?

Answer 18

At the hearing, the panel considers all relevant and reliable information in the individual case in order to determine whether the inmate is suitable for release.

Question 19

What is the 3 Strikes Law?

Answer 19

A defendant with two or more “strike” priors (a third striker) faces a minimum of 25-years-to-life in prison

Question 20

What is the difference between state and federal prison?

Answer 20

Federal prison is operated by the federal government and houses inmates convicted of breaking federal laws. In contrast, state prisons are operated by state governments and house people convicted of breaking state laws

Question 21

What are the levels of law enforcement?

Answer 21

federal, state, county, municipal

Question 22

What is the difference in probation and parole?

Answer 22

Probation allows the offender to stay in society and parole allows a person to reenter society before the end of their sentence

Question 23

What is discretionary parole release?

Answer 23

When an offender is released before the end of their sentence

Question 24

What is post release parole?

Answer 24

A period of release with supervision, while carrying out a prison sentence

Question 25

What state had the first reform movement

Answer 25

Chicago

Question 26

What ages weren't held responsible for their actions?

Answer 26

7-12

Question 27

What county established the first juvenile court system?

Answer 27

Cook County

Question 28

What is a status offense?

Answer 28

A crime only considered a crime because the defendant is not 18

Question 29

What is a waiver in juvenile courts?

Answer 29

When the judge waives a case to adult court

Question 30

What is In Re Gualt?

Answer 30

Guaranteed juveniles many of the same constitutional rights afforded adult criminal offenses

Question 31

What is a bifurcated trial?

Answer 31

Adjudication and Sentencing

Question 32

What was Furman v Georgia

Answer 32

Said the death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment in the case of an accidental burglary death

Question 33

What was Gregg v Georgia

Answer 33

Courts ruled that the death penalty was not cruel and unusual under the 8th and 14th amendment

Question 34

What was McCleskey v Kemp

Answer 34

Black man received dp for armed robbery and murder (racial discrimination)

Question 35

What was Atkins v Virginia

Answer 35

Courts ruled that executing people with disabilities was cruel and unusual punishment

Question 36

What was Roper v Simmons

Answer 36

Courts ruled that executing juveniles was unconstitutional

Question 37

What is NCVS

Answer 37

They collect data on non fatal personal crimes

Question 38

How does NCVS collect data?

Answer 38

Through in person or over the phone interviews

Question 39

What is a weakness of NCVS

Answer 39

They can't reach anyone who doesn't have a phone

Question 40

What is a strength of NCVS

Answer 40

People provide topics related to crimes and victimization

Question 41

What is NIBRS

Answer 41

A data collection of the characteristics of crimes

Question 42

How does NIBRS collect data

Answer 42

They have automated recording systems

Question 43

What is Nibrs strength

Answer 43

Covers a wide variety of crime

Question 44

What is Nibrs weakness

Answer 44

Only part 1 offenses

Question 45

What is racial profiling?

Answer 45

the use of race or ethnicity as grounds for suspecting someone of having committed an offense.

Question 46

What is liberation hypothesis

Answer 46

extra-legal factors affect sentencing outcomes more in regards to less serious offenses compared to more serious ones

Question 47

What is the chivalry hypothesis

Answer 47

women who commit crime are awarded more lenient sentences than males who commit crime

Question 48

What is the evil woman hypothesis

Answer 48

when women commit a crime, they are no longer acting in the stereotypical way of a woman; therefore, punishment should be more severe

Question 49

What factors lead to wrongful convictions

Answer 49

eyewitness and evidence tampering