Midterm Exam Flashcards
What are the 7 States of the Deep South
South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas
What are the 4 States of the Upper South
Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, & Arkansas
What are the 4 boarder States
Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri
John Brown
Lead raid on armory in Harpers Ferry, goal was to arm and free the slaves of Virginia and later do the same on a broader scale. They were unsuccessful, caught, and Brown died a martyr - Southerners believed Democrats were behind the attack - GOT ATTENTION (good/bad) helped along the war
Harpers Ferry
Government Armory in Virginia, site of failed raid by John Brown and associates. ( goal to arm and free Virginia’s slaves) This raid stoked southern fears and gained northern attention, pushing the nation closer to war
Robert Toombs
Pro-secessionist Governor of Georgia, briefly secretary of state for confederacy before being replaced
pro states rights- hates davis
Alexander Stephens
Georgian politician- supports states rights mostly just to hate Jefferson Davis
Compromise of 1850
California is admitted as a free state
remaining land of Mexican cession becomes Utah and Nm - established pop sovereignty precedent
Washington, d.c. eliminates slave trade but not slavery
New strict federal fugitive slave law - pissed off the north
( HENRY CLAY and Stephan Douglass)
Dred Scott decision
AA could not be citizens and never were, their rights did not have to be respected by white people
Congress could not ban slavery in the territories
Constitutional Union Party
New conservative party - former whigs and know nothings
platform - constitution as is and union as is
only goal to preserve union
Presidential nominee John Bell
Vp Edward Everett
John Bell
Former tennessee rep, southern moderate, former sec of war- lifelong whig
slave owner - but had opposed expansion
goal was to have election go to house of reps so they would win as moderates
running mate Edward Everett (MA)
Stephan Douglass
Democratic candidate against Lincoln- pro pop sovereignty- helped with comp of 1850
Controversial nomination because of support of pop sovereignty not federal slave code
southern dems livid- completely divides party ( Vp Hershel Johnson)
most influential democrat
TRIED TO GET LINCOLN ELECTED TO HILD UNION TOGETHER
John Breckinridge
Democrats that leave party nominate vp from kentucky John breckinridge for president ( federal slave code platform )
nominate joseph lane of Oregon as Vp (7/8 of the delegates of the states that left were later the confederacy )
Republican Party
Party of the Union - not necessarily anti slavery- party of lincoln the first republican president
William Seward
Lost Republican nomination to Lincoln
Secretary of state
John C Fremont
Instituted marshall law in missouri authorizes confiscation and emancipation of slaves of disloyal people- freaks out kentucky - gets fired - first repub presidential candidate
James Buchanan
President prior to Lincoln, paralyzed with fear - does nothing as Union falls apart - believes this is inevitable
ignores military advice
Pro-union
Crittenden Compromise
Extend Missouri compromise line all the way to california
states would be admitted with or without slavery depending on state comp
slavery put in constitution can be abolished where it already exists - fails nobody wants compromise, only amendment approved and war prevents that
Fort Sumpter
4 pieces of federal prop remain i taken in south when union takes office
fort sumpter seen as a test for lincoln
symbol of northern unity
remaining southern states want him to leave it
site of first shot
taken by confederacy and war starts
Confiscation acts
1 - allowed union troops to confiscate confederate property including slaves
2 - extended to seizure of land and prop and emancipation of slaves from disloyal southerners
showed shift in public opinion as they became okay with emancipation to same degree
Corwin Amendment
Thomas Corwin (R- OH) amendment to constitution would put slavery entirely in the hands of the states ( would’ve been the 13th amendment)
Benjamin Butler
Responsible for the seizing of slaves as property if they cross into union lines/ run to union army - women order
war democrat
Lambdin Milligan
Indiana Farmer- Former Lawyer, arrested and sentenced to death , but the conviction is overturned - he though secession was unlawful
order of american knights - pro slavery anti war
plotted to free confederate pows
collecting arms- charged with disloyalty and conspiracy
Joeseph Brown
Governor of Georgia- treats state as independent - opposed draft and sent reps to europe
Tax in Kind
takes 1/10th of crops for confederate army
Confederate Conscription Act
Draft - every white man aged 18-35 had substitutions and exemptions and i time limit - one month to enlist and not be a conscript
dec - 1862 no more subs
feb -1864 17-50 till end of war
enraged many southerners, not very pro freedom
Women Order
Benjamin Butler- insolant women treated as sex workers ( no manners)
made southern women stop assaulting union men
Crittenden resolution
July 1861 - war only being fought to save union
overturned in 1862
20 slave law
allows those with 20 slaves to be exempt from conscription - causes class conflict - hurst southern morale
impressment’s
taking of goods for the confederate army ( think eminent domain), horses ect.
fake impressment officers start scamming
Robert Rhett
Charleston Mercury- calls davis a tyrant
Edward Pollard
editor of the Richmond Examiner - opposition newspaper
captured by union 1864 released in 1865
loved confederacy hated davis
“military despotism”
Zebulon Vance
Governor of Nc - opposed the draft
oppos
David Hunter
issues emancipation proclamation which is overturned - not fired because it’s the department of the south
Clement Vallandigham
anti war- Copperhead, peace democrat, crushed in 1863 midterms - thought u.s should be divided into four sections and each one should be able to veto federal bills.
jan 1863 - opposed abolition criticized emancipation - called for armistice
may 1863 - said war being fought to free AAs and enslave whites
imprisoned ( under burnside) , first amendment marty - sentence commuted to banishment by lincoln - gave him to confederates - ran against lincoln in 1864 - tried
Miscegenation
racial mixing - used as propaganda against Lincoln, created during the war
13th Amendment
Pushed forward by Lincoln - slavery illegal in U. S except for punishment of a crime
CSA
Confederate States of America
Abraham Lincoln
Union President - The Great Emancipator
Jefferson Davis
President of The Confederate States of America
1863 Comprehensive Tax Law
new taxes put in place by the confederacy which were clear evidence of confederate economic decline and desperation- further demoralized the home front
Emancipation Proclamation
freed the confederacy’s slaves
Ex Parte Merryman
John merryman trying to get charged and tried, filing for a writ if habeas corpus - gets hearing - but the general in charge does not cooperate
held for six weeks, never charged, then released
Ex Parte Milligan
overturned clement conviction
overturns Lambdin Milligans conviction because he did not get tried in civilian court
“ martial law cannot arise for threatened invasion” courts were open, war wasn’t happening where he was ( indiana)
important because of precedent for martial law
George McClellan
union war general ( arrogant coward )
Panic of 1857
recession the south attempted to take advantage of
Lecompton Constitution
would’ve made sure kansas had slavery permanently- failed kansas became a free state
Pomeroy Circular
doc written by samuel pomeroy of kansas says lincoln can’t win- endorsed by treasury secretary - reflects lincoln’s unpopularity
Preliminary Emancipation Proclimation
announced that all slaves in confederacy free jan 1st 1863
makes war officially about slavery to prevent confederacy from receiving foreign aid - waited for a victory to implement it
Copperheads
Peace Democrats- hate republicans- hate emancipation - hate the war - disloyal - treasonous - clement vallandigham
union less important than ending war
vocal minority
hurt democrats in northern public opinion
John Merryman
Ex Parte Merryman Case
allegedly ordered to destroy multiple maryland bridges by the governor
officer in pro-confederate militia
arrested by union troops - imprisoned in for mchenry
arrested under suspension of habeus corpus
