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Interpersonal Communication > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is communication?

A

When people create messages, using a variety of modalities and sensory channels to convey meanings within and across contexts

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2
Q

What is NCA?

A

National Communication Association- professional organization representing communication teachers and scholars in the US

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3
Q

Define Communication

A

A process through which people use messages to generate meanings within across contexts, cultures, channels and media

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4
Q

Features that characterize communication

A
  1. Process: unfolds over time
  2. People engaged in communication use messages to convey meaning
  3. Communication occurs in endless variety of contexts or situations
  4. People communicate thru a variety of channels
    5 Communicators use broad range of media
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5
Q

Message

A

Package of info that is transported during commutation

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6
Q

Define interaction

A

Exchange of a series of messages

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7
Q

Define channel

A

Sensory dimension along which communicators transmit information ( visual, tactile, auditory)

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8
Q

Define media

A

Tools for exchanging messages

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9
Q

What are the possible communication models?

A

Linear Communication Model
Interactive Communication Model
Transactional Communication Model

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10
Q

Define interpersonal communication

A

Dynamic form of communication between two people in which the messages exchanged significantly influence their thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and relationships

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11
Q

Define intrapersonal communication

A

Communication involving only one person, in form of talking out loud to oneself or having a mental conversation

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12
Q

Define I Thou

A

When you regard other people as objects that are there for your exploitation

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13
Q

Define impersonal Communication

A
  1. Content Info: the actual meaning of the words you utter
  2. Relationship Info: consists of signals indicating how each of you views your relationship
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14
Q

Define Meta Communication

A

Communication about communication, includes any message verbal or nonverbal, that has its central focus as the meaning of communication

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15
Q

What goals can interpersonal communication help us to achieve?

A
  1. Self Presentation Goal
  2. Instrumental Goals
  3. Relationship Goals
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16
Q

What different approaches do scholars use to take while doing research?

A
  1. Qualitative Approach
    - involves careful observations
  2. Quantitative Approach
    - researchers first propose a theory
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17
Q

What is phubbing?

A

When an individual is in a conversation and is not listening instead on their phone

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18
Q

What is interpersonal communication competence?

A

People who demonstrate appropriateness, effectiveness, and ethics in achieving their interpersonal goals are interpersonally competent 

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19
Q

What are the components of self?

A
  1. SELF AWARENESS- the ability to reflect on thoughts, feelings, & behaviors
  2. SELF CONCEPT- your overall perception of who you are
  3. SELF ESTEEM- the value we assign ourselves
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20
Q

What is the Self Discrepancy Theory?

A

Suggest that one factor influencing, your self-esteem, and associated feelings, is how your self-concept compares to two mentor standard, the ideal self & ought self

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21
Q

What are the 3 Attachment Styles?

A
  1. PREOCCUPIED ATTACHMENT- desire closeness in relationships, but are in fear of being rejected
  2. DISMISSIVE ATTACHMENT- view close relationships as unimportant, instead prioritize self reliance
  3. FREQL ATTACHMENT- fear rejection, therefore shun close relationships
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22
Q

What is the looking glass self?

A

Considering how others view us when developing our self concept

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23
Q

What is Self Fulfilling Prophecies?

A

Predictions about future interactions that lead us to behave in ways that insure the interaction unfold as we predicted.

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24
Q

Social Penetration Theory

A

A concept revolving around different layers of the self when disclosing oneself to others
1. Peripheral Layers
2. Intermediate Layers
3. Central Layers

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25
Q

What is Warranting Value?

A

The degree to which the information is supported by other people and outside evidence

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26
Q

What is Perception?

A

The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information from our senses 

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27
Q

What influences our Perception?

A
  1. Culture & Gender
  2. Personality
  3. Self Enhancement Bias
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28
Q

What is Punctuation?

A

Structuring the information you’ve selected into a chronological sequence that matches how you experienced the order of events

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29
Q

What is interpretation?

A

Assigning meaning to information we selected into a coherent mental model

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30
Q

What is a Schemata?

A

Mental structures that contain information defining the characteristics of various concepts, and how they are related to each other

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31
Q

What are Attributions?

A

Our answers to the why questions we ask everyday

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32
Q

What is the Actor Observer Effect?

A

The tendency to attribute other people’s behaviors to their dispositions while explaining our own behaviors according to situational or external factors

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33
Q

What is Self Serving Bias?

A

When we take credit for success but deny our negative attributions

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34
Q

What is Uncertainty Reduction Theory?

A

Gathering enough information about an individual so their communication becomes predictable and explainable

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35
Q

What are ingroupers and what are outgroupers

A

-Ingroupers are individuals you associate yourself with due to them having the same cultural beliefs, attitudes, and values as your own
-Outgroupers are people you perceive yourself to be different from

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36
Q

What is one’s personality?

A

An individual’s characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and acting based on traits

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37
Q

What is Self Enhancement Bias?

A

When we perceive people through a filter of own own self perception, we tend to perceive our own unique more favorably than unique traits possessed by others

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38
Q

What is Implicit Personality Theories?

A

Personal beliefs about different types of personalities and the ways in which traits cluster together

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39
Q

What are interpersonal impressions?

A

Mental pictures of who people are and how we feel about them

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40
Q

What is constructing a Gestalt?

A

A general sense of a person that’s either positive or negative

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41
Q

What is Positivity Bias?

A

When you are more likely to form a positive perception of other people

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42
Q

What is Negativity Effect?

A

Placing emphasis on the negative information we learn about others

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43
Q

What are Algebraic Impressions?

A

Evaluating each new thing we learn about a person

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44
Q

What is Stereotyping?

A

Overall simplistic interpersonal impressions, making assumptions on an individual based on their social group affiliation

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45
Q

What is Perception Checking?

A

Questioning your perceptions and correcting errors that may lead to ineffective communication

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46
Q

What is Emotion?

A

An intense reaction to an event that involves interpreting event meaning, becoming physiologically aroused

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47
Q

What is Emotion Sharing?

A

Sharing our emotional experiences with others

48
Q

What is Emotional Contagion

A
  • when the experience of the same emotion rapidly spreads from one person to another
49
Q

What are Primary Emotions?

A
  • Unique and consistent behavioral displays across cultures
  • 6 Primary Emotions are Surprise, Joy, Disgust, Anger, Fear, Sadness
50
Q

What are Blended Emotions?

A

When an event may trigger two or more primary emotions

51
Q

What is Rational Emotive Behavior Thereapy

A

A way for therapists to help patients who are neurotic systemically purge themselves of such beliefs

52
Q

What is Emotional Intelligence?

A

The ability to interpret emotions accurately and to use this information to manage emotions and communicate them competently

53
Q

What is Emotion Management?

A

Attempts to influence which emotions you have, when you have them, and how you experience and express them

54
Q

What is Suppression

A

Inhibiting thoughts and outward behavioral displays of emotion

55
Q

What is Encounter Avoidance?

A

Staying away from people, places, or activities that you know will provoke emotions you don’t want to experience

56
Q

What is Encounter Structuring

A

Intentionally avoiding specific topics you know will provoke unwanted emotion during encounters with others

57
Q

What is Attention Focus?

A

Intentionally devoting your attention only to the aspects of an event or encounter that you know will not provoke an undesired emotion

58
Q

What is Deactivation?

A

Systematically desensitizing yourself to an emotional experience

59
Q

What is Reappraisal?

A

Actively changing how you think about the meaning of emotion eliciting situations so that their emotional impact has changed

60
Q

What is Chronic Hostility?

A

When you put yourself in a long term state of negative thinking

61
Q

What is the Jefferson Strategy?

A

When a person says or does something that makes you angry, count slowly to 10 before you act

62
Q

What is Supportive Communication?

A

Sharing messages that express emotional support and offer personal assistance

63
Q

What is intercultural communication?

A

When you communicate with someone from a different culture

64
Q

What is Co Cultural Communication Theory?

A

When people who are apart of the dominant culture within society get to construct social standards

65
Q

What is Prejudice?

A

When stereotypes of people become inherently negative and have a negative effect on those people

66
Q

What are Individualistic Cultures?

A

When the culture values independence and personal achievement

67
Q

What are Collectivities Cultures?

A

When people emphasize group, interpersonal harmony, and the well being of in groups

68
Q

What is Uncertainty Avoidance?

A

When a culture try to stay in control societal values, and doesn’t feel comfortable with new ideas

69
Q

What are High Context cultures?

A

Presume that others within said culture will share their viewpoints and perceive situations in the same way

70
Q

What are Low Context Cultures?

A

Presume that others will not share their beliefs, attitudes, and values

71
Q

What are Display Rules?

A

Guidelines for when, where, and how to manage emotion displays appropriately

72
Q

Masculine Cultural Values

A

Accumulation of material wealth as indicator of success

73
Q

Feminine Cultural Values

A

Emphasize compassion, consensus, and cooperation

74
Q

Monochromic Time Orientation

A

View time as a precious resource

75
Q

What is Intercultural Competence?

A

The ability to communicate appropriately, effectively, and ethically with people from diverse backgrounds

76
Q

What is World Mindedness?

A

Demonstrate acceptance and respect toward other cultures beliefs

77
Q

What is Attributional Complexity?

A

You acknowledge that other people’s behaviors have complex causes

78
Q

Communication Accommodation Theory

A

When people adapt their communication when they seek social approval

79
Q

What is Gender Polarization?

A

Female and male sex distinctions

80
Q

What is non binary?

A

Gender identities that are not solely female or male

81
Q

What is gender fluid?

A

When someone doesn’t identify as female or male and their identity may change overtime

82
Q

What are Gender Roles?

A

Expectations and behaviors that are deemed appropriate for girls or boys

83
Q

What is the five step listening process?

A

Receiving, Attending, Understanding, Responding, and Recalling

84
Q

What is Mental Bracketing?

A

Systematically putting aside thoughts that aren’t relevant to the interaction at hand

85
Q

What is Short Term Memory?

A

The part of your brain that temporarily houses the information while you seek to understand its meaning

86
Q

Long term Memory

A

The part of your brain devoted to permanent information storage

87
Q

What are back channel cues?

A

Verbal and nonverbal behaviors to ensure the other person you are listening

88
Q

What is Paraphrasing

A

Summarizing others comments after they have finished speaking

89
Q

What are mnemonics?

A

Certain ways you come up with the encode into your long term memory, such as a song

90
Q

What are the 5 listening Functions?

A

Comprehend, discern, analyze, appreciate, and support

91
Q

What is Mediated Listening

A

Trying to perceive and understand a message over social media platforms

92
Q

What are Relational Listeners?

A

View listening as an opportunity to build and maintain relationships with others

93
Q

What are Task Oriented Listeners?

A

See listening as transactional, and prefer brief, to the point accurate messages from others, focus on task completion

94
Q

What are Critical Listeners?

A

Focus their attention on the accuracy and consistency of what another person says. Tendency to critically consider and evaluate another person’s message

95
Q

What is Selective Listening?

A

Taking in bits of pieces of information that are immediately salient during interpersonal encounter and dismissing the rest

96
Q

What is Pseudo Listening?

A

Behaving as if you’re paying attention, though you’re really not

97
Q

What is aggressive listening?

A

Attend to what other day solely to find an opportunity to attack their conversational partners

98
Q

What is Narcissistic Listening?

A

Ignore what others have to say so they can redirect the conversation back to themselves

99
Q

What are Constitutive Rules?

A

Define word meaning, tell us which words represent which objects

100
Q

What is verbal communication?

A

Face to face spoken conversations

101
Q

What are Regulative Rules?

A

How we use language when we verbally communicate, such as grammar etc

102
Q

What are Dialects?

A

Unique phrases, words and punctuations used by specific cultures

103
Q

What is Democratic Meaning?

A

The meaning of a word you find in dictionary’s

104
Q

What is Connotative Meaning?

A

Additional understandings of a words meaning based on the situation and knowledge we and our communication partners share

105
Q

What is Linguistic Determinism?

A

Our ability to think is at mercy of our native language, meaning we think in our terms of language not others

106
Q

What is Linguistic Relativity

A

People from different cultures thinks and perceive people very differently

107
Q

What are Speech Acts?

A

The actions that we perform with language

108
Q

Ok

A
109
Q

What is Cooperative Principle?

A

Making our conversational contributions as informative, honest, relevant, and clear as required

110
Q

What is “I” Language

A

Emphasize ownership of your feelings, opinions, and beliefs

111
Q

What is “we” Language

A

Emphasize inclusion in relationships, common way for people to signal their closeness with others

112
Q

What is Verbal Aggression?

A

Tendency to attack others self concepts rather than their positions on topics of conversation

113
Q

What is Microaggression?

A

Communication stressors that negatively effect others especially people of underrepresented groups

114
Q

What is Defensive Communication?

A

Impolite messages delivered in response to suggestion, criticism, or perceived slights

115
Q

What is Communication Apprehension

A

Fear and anxiety associated with interaction which keeps someone from being able to communicate properly

Interpersonal Communication (1 decks)

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