Midterm Exam Flashcards
What is a Camera Obscura?
a dark room, only ONE hole of light shines through. Reflects backwards and upside down
What is a Single Lens Reflex?
a camera that uses a mirror and a prism where you can see through the lens (through the lens viewing)
Why do we photograph in RAW?
they are uncompressed, bigger image files with more information, and are unedited by the camera
How is setting the camera’s white balance important when photographing partially in color?
it will balance the blues and greens, make sure the colors are correct; fixes the temperature of light
What is a Histogram?
the graph that measures the brightness of an image; tonal distribution/variation of images
What are 4 things that communicate with your camera’s light meter to determine the correct amount of exposure for the lighting situation that you are in?
ISO
Shutter Speed
Apertute
Lighting Situation of Scene
Aperture
the part of the camera that lets in light, the VOLUME of light; uses F-stops
All F-Stops, starting from the smallest
F32, F22, F16, F11, F8, F5.6, F4, F2.8
What is closing down?
Going from more light to less light
Closing down example
F11 to F16
What is opening up?
Going from less light to more light
Opening up example
F22 to F16
Using your aperture, how do you increase the amount of light entering your camera by 2 times?
You open up one stop
Using your aperture, how do you decrease the amount of light entering your camera by half?
You close down one stop
Using your aperture, how do you decrease the amount of light entering your camera by half?
You close down one stop
Shutter Speed
the part of the camera that controls the amount of TIME light is let into the camera, and captures motion
Shutter Speed stops (shortest first)
1/4000, 1/2000, 1/1000, 1/500, 1/250, 1/125, 1/60, 1/30, 1/15, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1”, 2”, 4”, 8”, 16”, 32”. . . BULB
What does the bulb setting on the camera do?
It is a customizable time setting for shutter speed; usually used for a shutter speed above 30”
Using your shutter speed, how do you increase the amount of light entering your camera by 2 times?
Open up the shutter by one stop (= more light)
Using your shutter speed, how do you decrease the amount of light entering your camera by 2 times?
Close down the shutter by one stop (= less light)
What is an appropriate shutter speed for hand-holding?
1/60 or ABOVE
Focal Length
the distance between the optical center of your lens and the sensor of the film plane
Focal Length measured in
mm
Normal focal length for a DSLR
50-55mm
Wide angle lens on a DSLR
Anything less than 50mm
Long angle lens on a DSLR
Anything more than 55mm
Angle of View
how much of the scene you can see
What is the human angle of view?
47 degrees
The angle of View in relation to Focal Length?
Wide angle shows more of an angle of view
How does Focal Length relate to Depth of Field?
The longer the lens, the less DOF you get at any aperture
ISO
the numerical value given to the sensor or film’s SENSITIVITY to light
Which is considered a slower ISO? 125 or 400
125
Lower # (ISO)
Slower ISO and needs more light
Which ISO would need less light for an exposure? ISO 800 or 400?
ISO 800
High # (ISO)
Faster, less light needed
What is the benefit of using a faster ISO?
Will make images brighter, good for lower light, may not need to use a tripod
Cons of faster ISOs
Grainy
Benefits to using a slower ISO
it is less sensitive to light so you will have sharper images, allows for longer shutter speed
Cons for slower ISOs
Need more light or a tripod
3 Things that control Depth of Field?
Aperture
Focal Length
Length from Subject (Camera to Subject)
The range of focus that exists in front of the sharpest plane of focus and behind the sharpest plane of focus is based on what ratio?
1/3 in front, 2/3 in back (or 1/3:2/3)
Critical plane of focus?
what is your SUBJECT
When you are close to your subject, how does that affect Depth of Field at any given aperture?
it will make your depth of field shallow; less DOF
If you are shooting with a wide angle lens, how does that affect the Depth of Field?
you will have a longer DOF
If you want to overexpose your film ONE stop from F5.6 @ 1/60, what F-stop/shutter speed setting could you use?
F4 @ 1/60 OR F5.6 @ 1/30
If you want to underexpose your film ONE stop from F5.6 @ 1/60, what F-stop/shutter speed setting could you use?
F8 @ 1/60 OR F5.6 @ 1/125
What does it mean to BRACKET your exposures?
Purposely under AND over exposing your image
What is exposure equivalent?
using the same total volume of light but using different settings to do so
Exposure equivalent for F8 @ 1/60
F11 @ 1/30, F16 @ 1/15, F5.6 @ 1/125
Exposure equivalent for F5.6 @ 10”
F4 @ 5” OR F11 @ 40”
