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MB 11 - Ecological Concepts > Midterm Exam💀🏴‍☠️ > Flashcards

Midterm Exam💀🏴‍☠️ Flashcards

1
Q

is a scientific field of study that looks at how behavior is controlled and how it contributes to survival and reproductive success

A

Behavioral Ecology

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2
Q

is the passage of communication between two animals

A

Animal communication

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3
Q

What is Zoosemiotics?

A

The study of animal communication

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4
Q

The classical etholigical view of communication was developed by ______________?

A

Niko Tinbergen

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5
Q

Animal communication is also known as

A

Biological communication

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6
Q

What are the 4 types of communication?

A

Auditory, Visual, Chemical, Tactile

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7
Q

What type of communication displays in reproductive and agonistic behaviors?

A

Visual communication

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8
Q

Displays in Reproductive Behavior

Exhibited in this kind of behavior is the use of symbolic activity, with no serious harm done to either combatant

A

Ritual

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9
Q

What kind of behavior?

Both threatening and submissive behavior that determines which competitor gains access to some resource, such as food or a mate

A

Agonistic behavior

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10
Q

What kind of behavior?

Test of Strength

A

Agonistic behavior

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11
Q

What kind of behavior?

Often happens between conflicting individuals

A

Reconciliation behavior

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12
Q

Sending of information from one member to another by sound production

A

Auditory Communication

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13
Q

Auditory communication

The ability of some animals to sense their surroundings by analyzing the reflection of sound waves, or clicks they emit.

A

Echolocation

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14
Q

What are the 2 types of auditory communcation of birds?

A

Bird call and bird song

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15
Q

Bird Call or Bird Song?🤔

Consists of one or more short notes and seem to be instinctive repsonses to danger, nesting, flocking, and a few other basic situations.

A

Bird Call

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16
Q

Bird Call or Bird Song?🤔

Are used primarily to attract mates or establish territory

A

Bird Song

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17
Q

Information transmitted in the form of physical contact

A

Tactile Communication

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18
Q

Animals that communicate by odors to emit signals

A

Chemical Communication

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19
Q

Is the act of searching for wild food resources

A

Foraging Behavior

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20
Q

Is a branch of behavioral ecology that studies the foraging behavior of animals in response to the environment where the animals live

A

Foraging Theory

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21
Q

______________ affects an animal’s fitness because it plays an important role in an animal’s ability to survive and reproduce

A

Foraging

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22
Q

True or False

Foraging behavior only includes eating.

A

FALSE

Foraging behavior not only includes eating, but also mechanisms used in searching for, recognizing and capturing food.

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23
Q

The ________________________ proposes that foraging behavior is a compromise between the benefits of nutrition and the costs of obtaining food.

A

Optimal Foraging Theory

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24
Q

This theory assumes that natural selection acts on the foraging behavior of animals to maximize their energy gain.

A

Optimal Foraging Theory

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25
Q

4 Classifications of Foraging Behavior:

A

Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, Detritovores

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26
Q

Factors Influencing Foraging Behavior:

A

Learning, Genetics, Predation, Parasitism

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27
Q

Factors Influencing Foraging Behavior

Defined as an adaptive change or modification of a behavior based on a previous experience

A

Learning

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28
Q

Factors Influencing Foraging Behavior

Refers to the presence of predators while an animal is foraging

A

Predation

29
Q

Is maintained by frequency-dependent selection, leading to predictable sex ratios at equilibrium

A

Sexual Polymorphism

30
Q

Sexual Polymorphism

the occurence of different forms among the members of a population or colony, or in the life cycle of an individual organism

A

Polymorphism

31
Q

Greek —> having multiple forms

A

Polymorphism

32
Q

Is the ratio of males to females in a population

A

Sex Ratio

33
Q

Is a special type of natural selection in which the sexes acquire distinct forms

A

Sexual Selection

34
Q

3 types of mating relationships:

A

Promiscuous, Monogamy, Polygamy

35
Q

Types of mating relationship

No strong pair-bonds or lasting relationship (parang kayo chos)

A

Promiscuous

36
Q

Types of mating relationship

One male mating with only one female

A

Monogamy

37
Q

Types of mating relationships

An individual of one sex is mating with multiple of the other

A

Polygamy

38
Q

Organisms that interact with physical environment

A

Physiological Ecology

39
Q

Organisms maintain themselves in improbable steady-state relative to physical environment which includes properties of water, air, soils, temperature, and light.

A

Physiological Ecology

40
Q

Examples of Abiotic Factor

A

Rain, temperature, salinity, radiation, pollution, and etc.

41
Q

What is the meaning of homeostasis?

A

“same state”

42
Q

Four physical processes that accounts for heat gain or loss

A

Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Evaporation

43
Q

Physical processes that accounts for heat gain or loss

the transfer of heat by the movement of air or liquid past a surface

A

Conduction

44
Q

Physical processes that accounts for heat gain or loss

direct transfer of thermal motion between molecules of objects in direct contact with each other

A

Convection

45
Q

Physical processes that accounts for heat gain or loss

removal of heat from the surface of a liquid that is losing some of its molecules as gas

A

Evaporation

46
Q

Physical processes that accounts for heat gain or loss

the emission of electromagnetic waves by all objects warmer than absolute zero, including the animal’s body and environment

A

Radiation

47
Q

Animals have arrangements of blood vessels called ____________________that are important for reducing heat loss.

A

Countercurrent heat exchangers

48
Q

Temperature

is a prolonged period of chilling or moist condition that is required for seed germination

A

Stratification

49
Q

Temperature

is a period of moist-chilling or moist-warm conditions that overcomes physiological dormancy requirements in seeds of some plant species

A

Stratification

50
Q

Temperature

is a period of cold temperatures required by some plant species to induce flowering

A

Vernalization

51
Q

Refers to significant changes in global temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other measure of climate that occur over several decades or longer.

A

Climate change

52
Q

Why is water necessary?

A
  • Even more than food, water is critical to our immediate survival
  • Water helps move nutrients throughout your body
53
Q

The study of populations in relation to their environment

A

Population Ecology

54
Q

Any group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular space and functioning as part of a biotic community

A

Population Growth

55
Q

Population Characteristics

Number of individuals per unit of area
> examples: counts, sample size estimate, indirect indicators, mark and recapture

A

Density

56
Q

Population Characteristics

Pattern of spacing
> examples: clumped, uniform, random

A

Dispersion

57
Q

Pattern of spacing

> __________ - even spacing

> __________ is the patchy aggregation

> __________ - unpredictable, patternless spacing

A

> Uniform

> Clumped

> Random

58
Q

Causes of Population Change:

A

Natality and Mortality

59
Q

A naturally occuring source of wealth, as land or water

A

Natural Resources

60
Q

Is the natural wealth of a country consisting of land, forests, mineral deposits, water, etc.

A

Natural Resources

61
Q

2 ways to classify natural resources:

A

Biotic resources and Abiotic resources

62
Q

Resources that can be replaced by human efforts

A

Renewable Resource

63
Q

Limited resources that cannot be replaced once they are gone

A

Non-Renewable Resource

64
Q
  • An attempt to use a natural resource in a way to minimize use of resources such as water and etc.
  • “aim is to maintain the resources in a good condition”
A

Conservation

65
Q
  • An attempt to prevent the use of natural resource
  • “aim is to preserve” or keep it intact as it is or was
A

Preservation

66
Q

Variability among living organism from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems

A

Biological Diversity

67
Q

The “process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged or destroyed”

A

Recovery or Restoration Ecosystem

68
Q

The maximum number of organisms an ecosystem can hold

A

Carrying capacity

MB 11 - Ecological Concepts (1 decks)

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