Midterm Exam Flashcards
A course intended to acquintant the student with the scope and responsibilities of dentistry as a health profession with other professions.
Perspective in dentistry
Reasons for student’s choice of dentistry
Personal
- family or self-interest
External
- societal
- to aid the community’s health
Characteristics that a dental student should posses
Energy
Enthusiasm
Patience
Perseverance
TRUE OR FALSE
People that are involved in training a dentist are dentistry teachers/clinical instructors, members of the allied professions, government agencies, privates educational institutions, patients, and the community or the public.
TRUE
Knowledge obtained through systematized investigation/ study/ inquiry concerning the various theories, principles and concepts of dentistry.
Dentistry as a science
Involves skilled craftmanship/ psychomotor skills/ technical skills in the practice of the profession.
Dentistry as an art
A calling or vocation requiring specialized knowledge and technical skills following lengthy and intensive preparation.
Dentistry as a profession
Threefold value of the dental profession
Service to mankind
Social security
Prestige
What are the services to mankind that is being offered by the dental profession?
Preventive services
Remedial/ corrective/ curative services
What factors responsible for the immediate complaints of patients?
Pain
Discomfort
Deformity
TRUE OR FALSE
Condition of the oral cavity, relations of the oral cavity to the general system, preventive services, remedial/ corrective/ curritive services are the oral needs of the humanity.
TRUE
Enumerate the preventive services
Twice a year dental check-up
Oral prophylaxis/ cleaning
Fluoridization
Fluoridation
Oral health education
Oral hygience regimen
Enumerates remedial/ curritive services
Tooth restoration
Root Canal Treatment (RCT)
Oral surgery (tooth extraction)
Prostheses (removable/ fixed)
Social security offered by the dental profession
Ideal means of livelihood
Career opportunities
Prestige offered by the dental profession
Prestige of the title/ degree doctor
What are the ideal traits of a dentist?
Dedication to services
Honesty and sincerity
Diligence and thoroughness
Resourcefulness
Charity
What are the employment amd career opportunities of a dentist?
Private practice
Public health dentist
Hospital dentist
Military dentist
Industry or company dentist
School dentist
Dental educator
Other…
Dental assistant
Dental researcher
Graduate study
Heritage practice
Dental/ medical representative
Dentql consultants
Foreign employment
Categories of private practice
Individual/ solo practice
Partnership and group practice
Multi-located practice
Part-time practice
The dentist practices as a one-man practitioner
Individual/ solo practice
Defines as either one is a practice of 2 or more dentist joined in a cost sharing.
Partnership/ group practice
In need of more clientele, a denstist may apportion his time to serve other locations
Multi-located practice
Cons of multi-located practice
A difficult method of establishing a practice
Can be very expensive
The practice is limited to a few hours only
Part-time practice
affords a novice dental practitioner a grand opportunity whether in the employ of the national or local government
Public Health dentist
Dentist practicing in a private hospital
Hospital dentist
Dental service in AFP dental corps unit
Military dentist
employ by private company or industry in a full-time basis or retainership
Company/ industry dentist
Employment in a private college/ university
School dentist
Dentist who opt to pursue a career in teaching
Requires education units in teaching
Adminastrative skills and capabilities
Dental educator
A novice dentist who seek employment to a private dentist
Can serve as a buffer or period of re-adjustment during which one can acquire experiences and evaluate private practice opportunities. Dentists who wish to seek employment abroad but are not licensed to practice as dentist in other countries
Dental assistant
A dental practitioner who choose to do research or investigation in any dental field or specialization. Usually inside a university (local or abroad)
Dental researchers
Dentist opt for a limited practice of one or two specific fields. Requires to pursue a 3-4 years additional graduate study such as master of science or doctoral degree in dentistry (endodontics, oral surgery, prosthodontics, orthodontics, pediatric dentistry, periodontics, etc.)
Graduate study
Practice is retained in a family or class of practitioner with the patient load inherited by the beginner member. Ultimately, the latter takes over the entire practice
Heritage practice
One who seeks employment in major drug companies and dental traders.
Dental or medical representative
One who is employed by a dental company, laboratory/ traders for his/ her expertise.
Dental consultant
Foreign employment
Dentist
Dental assistant
Dental hygienists
Dental nurse
Dental technician
General Education
Institutional Requirements (CEU)
Basic Medical Courses
Dental Courses
- Pre- clinical
Dental Courses (clinical)
Dental Public Health and other courses
Clinical Dentistry
Hospital Dentistry
CEU DENTISTRY CURRICULUM 2018-2019
necessary in the management of a dental patient.
The oral cavity is not a separate entity from the different systems in the body. Prior to any treatment procedure, it is imperative that the dental professional, as a doctor of dental medicine, understands the normal and pathological conditions of an individual, to come up with an appropriate treatment plan.
Basic medical courses
General education courses
- understanding the self
- mathematics in the modern world
- purposive communication
- health economics
- general zoology
- art appreciation
- readings in the philippines history
- organic chemistry
- Polotics and governance
- geneticw
- the life and works of rizal
- science, technology and society
- ethics
- the contemporary world
What are the elective subjects in dent?
Filipino 1 and 2
Internet of things
TRUE OR FALSE
Mandated rqts are P.E. 1,2,3,4 and NSTP 1 and 2.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
The institutiona, rtqs (CEU) are foreign language 1 and 2, religion: history and texts, man, church and society, empowering the self, and living and loving relationships.
TRUE
study of the different parts of the human body by regions involving different tissues such as bones, muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and different internal organs using human models.
regions of the human body from the shoulders to the feet
General anatomy 1
deals with the thorough study of the head and neck with anatomical details on the skull, face, oral cavity, and other maxillofacial structures.
General anatomy 2
study of the cells and tissues that compose the human organ system (using microscope)
includes the basic consent of embryonic development of the basis of tissues
General histology and embryology
the study of (bio)chemistry of the cells and organelles and their relation to the general metabolism of the body; metabolism of foodstuff and chemical processes by which the human body derives and utilizes energy.
Biochemistry
study of function of the human body organs with emphasis given to the practical application to dentistry together with integration of items on family planning.
General pysiology with family planning
study of general and systemic pathology needed to provide an introductory and basic level proficiency in interpreting macroscopic (gross) and microscopic (histology) changes in various organs.
study of diseases/ abnormalities of man.
General pathology
deals with the mechanism of drug action on living tissue that is used in prevention and treatment of (oral) diseases.
Pharmacology
study the biology of (pathogenic) microorganisms (infectious agents) to serve as a knowledge base in the control, prevention, diagnosis, management and treatment of infectious diseases with oral significance.
emphasis is given to the oral microflora
Microbiology
course designed to provide a logical framework for learning and working knowledge of internal medicine needed for diagnosis of dental patients with medical illnesses in relation to correlating these to dentistry.
Principles of medicine
TRUE OR FALSE
The basic dental subjects will give a basic knowledge on the gross and microscopic anatomy of the tooth, normal sequence of eruption, function, abnormalities in tooth form, properties and manipulation of dental materials, before the clinical procedures are introduced.
TRUE
CORRECT OR NOT
Prior to any treatment procedure, it is imperative that the dental professional, as a doctor of dental medicine, understands the normal and pathological conditions of an individual, to come up with an appropriate treatment plan.
CORRECT
morphology of deciduous and permanent dentition (macroscopic or gross structure of the human teeth), their alignment and relationships with supporting structures.
Oral anatomy
study of the microscopic structures of oral/dental tissues and their embryonic development.
Oral histology and embryology
Basic dental courses
Oral anatomy
Oral histology and embryology
Dental materials
Cariology
Infection control
Oral physiology and Occlusion
Oral pathology 1
study of the physical and chemical properties of metallic and non-metallic materials used in Dentistry, including the manipulation and uses of the different dental materials, and the different variables that affect the properties of the dental materials.
Dental materials
diagnosis, etiology, microbiology, classification, prevention and management of dental caries in individuals and populations.
Cariology
aseptic protocols that prevent spread of contaminants and infectious substances from patients to patients and patients to dental staff.
proper sterilization of instruments
handling and disposal of infectious wastes
Infection control
study of oro -facial mechanisms and dynamic interrelationships among dental, neuromuscular and TMJ as they influence establishment of functional occlusion, mastication, deglutition and speech
Oral physiology and occlusion
deals with diseases and abnormalities affecting oral and dental tissues as well as several systemic diseases that present oral lesions as part of their pathology.
Oral pathology 1
will give a basic knowledge on the different skills that can be practiced on the ivorine teeth and model casts in the laboratory classes.
Pre-clinical subjects
will upskill the students regarding the various clinical, hospital and community disciplines necessary for the actual clinical practice.
Clinical subjects
______will train the dentistry student in the actual handling of dental patients, while Hospital Dentistry will give an overview of the hospital protocol and the management of medically-compromised patients.
Clinical dentistry
Pre-clinical subjects
Operative dentistry 1 and 2
Prostodontics 1, 2, and 3
Roentgemology
Anesthesiology
Periodontics 1
Orthodontics 1
Endodontics
Oral diagnosis and treatment planning
deals with the principles of cavity preparation and the manipulation of filling materials necessary for the restoration of carious teeth.
Operative dentistry 1
concepts and principles in restoring lost tooth structure to their proper form, function and anesthetics using typodont and live patient case management
Operative dentistry 2
concept and principles in the restoration of natural teeth as well as rehabilitation and maintenance of partially dentate individuals using fixed partial denture prostheses.
Prosthodontics 1- (Fixed Partial Denture)
concepts and principles of restoring missing teeth and associated structures of partially edentulous individuals with removable prostheses.
includes designing, prescription writing and the selection of the appropriate biocompatible materials.
Prosthodontics 2 - (Removable Partial Denture)
deals with rehabilitation of completely edentulous patient based on the principle of biomechanics and aesthetics using appropriate biocompatible materials.
Prosthodontics 3- (Removable Complete Denture)
study of the different types of radiographic apparatus, their operations, application and maintenance.
included are processing, mounting, reading and interpretation of the radiographs
Roentgenology
study of the principles and techniques of regional anesthesia in dental practice and the study of the pharmacology of different local anesthetics used in dentistry.
include topics regarding general anesthesia and conscious sedation
Trigeminal nerve
Anesthesiology
tudy of normal periodontium as well as classification, etiology, and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
Periodontics 1
deals with the fundamentals of growth and development of both normal and abnormal craniofacial structure and their relation to the stomatognathic system
Orthodontics 1
study of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the dental pulp and periradicular tissues.
Endodontics
deals with the principles and procedures in making a diagnosis and treatment planning.
Oral diagnosis and treatment planning
Clinical subjects
Orthodontics 2
Oral surgery 1 and 2
Periodontica 2
Oral pathology 2- oncology
Pediatric dentistry ( with child psychology)
Basic dental implantology
Forensic dentistry
Current tremds in dentistry
Interdisciplinary approach im patient management
Interprofessional approach in patient management
Management of patients with special needs
study of the prevention, interception and treatment of malocclusion
Orthodontics 2
study of the general principles of surgery and its application in dentistry
Oral surgery 1
deals with the surgical management of complicated extraction, reduction and fixation of traumatic injuries of the face and jaws and surrounding tissues, and other conditions related to lesions of the oral cavity.
Oral surgery 2
principles and concepts in the prevention, differential diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases.
Periodontics 2
deals with the pathology of neoplasm and other diseases of the oral cavity and adjacent structures with emphasis on laboratory and diagnostic procedure. (cancers of the mouth)
Oral pathology 2 - oncology
study of the principles and techniques in the management of the child with dental problems including treatment of injuries and interceptive orthodontics
Pediatric dentistry
study of the fundamental knowledge on biological and scientific basis for implant treatment.
includes patient evaluation, diagnosis and treatment planning, implant selection, surgery and prosthodontic procedure, post-surgical care and maintenance procedures.
Basic implantology
study of the fundamental knowledge on biological and scientific basis for implant treatment.
includes patient evaluation, diagnosis and treatment planning, implant selection, surgery and prosthodontic procedure, post-surgical care and maintenance procedures.
Basic dental implantology
deals with the study of dental/oral parts of the body in the confirmation of identity of victims
Forensic dentistry
The study concerned with the latest developments like dental materials, dental technology, new techniques and other areas related to clinical dentistry like infection control practices, genetics, and medically compromised patients.
Current trends in dentistry
study of interaction among different disciplines of dentistry within an integrated service- learning environment where interdisciplinary team can work effectively for optimal patient care
Interdisciplinary approach in patient management
study on collaborative practice among health care professionals for the provision of comprehensive and quality health services to patients.
focuses on principles of mutual respect, effective communication, collaboration to integrate knowledge, skills and experiences across professions
Interprofessional approach in patient management
study of basic protocol in management of patients with special oral health care needs (with physical, developmental, mental, sensory, behavioral, cognitive or emotional impairment)
Management of patients with special needs
Dental public health and other related courses:
Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Dental Public Health 1, 2, and 3
Nutrition in Dentistry
Dental informatics
UG Research 1- Methods of Research
UG Research 2- Research Presentation
Undergraduate Research
application of statistical techniques to scientific research in health-related fields
identify health trends that lead to life-saving measures through application of statistical procedures.
Biostatistics
scientific study of (oral) diseases/ illness among the population.
specific to how, when and where these diseases occur.
Epidemiology
study of the concepts and principles of public health dentistry
Public health (science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health health in society)
Dental public health
concepts, principles and methods of community dentistry, health service administration, oral health education, preventive dentistry an primary health care
Dental public health 2
the principles and methods designed in the practice of community dentistry in an adopted community
field experience
Dental public health 3
physical, chemical and biological processes that develop and renew tissues of the body by absorption and assimilation of food materials.
relates the importance of nutrition to dental health especially during the formation and maturation of tooth development.
Nutrition in dentistry
the principles and programs of computer as applied to dental practice
Dental informatics
THESIS
principles and methods in research and its application to dentistry focused on developing a research protocol
UNDERGRADUATE GROUP RESEARCH
UG RESEARCH 1- methods of research
the basic principles in preparing a technical paper for presentation and discussion in a scientific forum / for publication.
UG RESEARCH 2- RESEARCH PRESENTATION
Dental research forum
Undergraduate research
a sheltered system that required architectural considerations, mechanical facilities, pharmaceutical supplies, industrial devices and business where a dentist performs and carries out his duty.
Dental office
Ideal dental office
An ideal office is located in a quiet neighborhood or in a quiet commercial building.
Important things to consider for a dental office
Important things to consider:
accessibility of transportation
ventilation
light
absence of pollution
Parts of a dental office
- Fundamental Compartments
- Optional Compartments
Fundamental compartment is consists of:
a. Reception Room or Waiting room
b. Operating Room or Clinic
C. Laboratory room
Parts of the dental office that are essential for the practice of dentistry.
Fundamental compartments
Waiting room or reception room desirable but optional features:
Desirable but optional features:
receptionist
reading materials of general interest
basic items in a homey living room
correct interior decoration like educational work of art
Operating room or clinic is consist of…
Stationary Equipment
Laboratory room
Lavatory Facilities / Comfort Room
Infirmary Aids for emergency cases
usually comes as one set of stationary equipment, manufactured to suit either a right or left-handed operator installed in the clinic more or less at permanent places.
Dental unit
Stationary equipments:
Dental chair
Dental unit
Optional compartments are…
Business and secretary’s office
Rest or recovery room
Dark room
Store room
For the developing of radiographs
Dark room
Types of dental chairs
Portable dental chair
Non-portable or stationary dental chair
Three types of dental chair according to functions
standard or all-purpose chair
exodontist’s chair
child’s chair
Parts of a dental unit
Cusipidor or spittoon
Saliva ejector
Tumbler holder
Air syringes
Water syringes
Pilot light
Opaque glass plate/ x-ray viewer
Bracket table
High and low speed adaptors
Other parts are…
Foot control
Push buttons
a bowl-like receptacle for the reception of saliva, fluids and debris coming from the mouth of the patient, usually provided with water pipes to cleanse the bowl to push them toward the drain.
Cusipidor or spittoon
a metal / plastic holed mouthpiece which helps in keeping the mouth and the field of operation free from the interference of saliva
Saliva ejector
holds the glass / tumbler used by the patient, generally provided with a faucet that automatically fills the tumbler with tap water.
Tumbler holder
gives off air blasts directly aimed at the tooth being treated.
Air syringes
gives off a fine, thin stream of water for flushing or cleaning the tooth being treated.
Water syringes
a strong shaded electric bulb that can be swung in all directions to light up the mouth.
Pilot light
holds radiograph in place for reading and interpretation.
Opaque glass plate/ x-ray viewer
holds the hand instruments and other materials such as cottons, cotton holders and the like used by the operators.
Bracket table
devices used to hold the handpieces used by the operators.
High and low speed adaptors
allows the handpiece to function as needed
Foot control
allow adjustments of the chair to permit the dentist to place the patient in convenient positions
Push buttons
Movable dental equipment
Dental x-ray machine
* dental materials
a form of energy, of very short wave-lengths that penetrate opaque substance / tissue.
X-ray
( lighter ) – objects that are resistant to x-rays ; e.g bone, enamel
Radiopaque shadow
( darker ) – objects that are less resistant to x-rays; e.g soft tissues of the mouth
Radiolucent shadow
Types of radiographic films
Types of Radiographic Films:
Intra-oral
Extra-oral
standard film or periapical film( include 2 or 3 teeth)Child-sized film
Intra-oral
panoramic film cephalometric film
Extra-oral
refers to a wide variety of highly specific instruments held in hand and applied during the actual treatment procedure.
Dental instruments
General classification of dental intruments
Operative intruments
Prophylaxis and diagnosis
General surgical instruments
Operative instruments
Hand
Hatchets
Chisels
Hoes
Excavators
Operative instruments
Rotary
Burs
Stones
Discs
Operative instruments
Condensing instruments
Pluggers
Operative instruments
Plastic instruments
Spatulas
Carvers
Burnishers
Packing instruments
Operative instruments
Finishing and polishing instruments
Hand:
–Polishing points
–Finishing strips
Rotary:
–Finishing burs
–Rubber cups
Operative instruments
Miscellaneous instruments
Scissors
Prophylaxis and diagnostic
explorers
probes
scalers
curettes
files
General surgical instruments
forceps
elevators
bone
chisels
mallet
curettes
Four basic hand instruments
Mouth mirror
Cotton Pliers
Spoon excavators
Explorers
Finger positions
Rest
Finger Guard
position assumed by the third and fourth fingers to stabilize the position of the instrument
position of the thumb resting somewhere on the teeth or gums.
Rest
position assumed by the fingers of the non-operating hand to protect the parts being worked upon from injury.
Finger guard
Essential parts of a hand instrument:
Handle or shaft
Shank – connects the shaft and the blade or nib
Blade or nib – point or head / functional end
Basic pen grasps:
Pen grasp
Inverted pen grasp
Palm and Thumb grasp
Position where no rest is needed
Attire for the dental staff and patient
Laboratory gowns
Comfortable shoes
Gloves ( disposable)
Headdresses / Head cap
Face mask
the cleanliness of the instruments in the clinic as a protection not only to the patients ( prevent transmission of germs from one patient to another), protection to the dentists and his clinical staff
Sanitation in a dental clinic
The dental office can be sanitized with the use of:
Aerosol and disinfectant
chemical compounds that mix well with room air, intended to sweeten air
Aerosol
substances which stops or prevents the growth of microorganism.
Disinfectant
special equipment used to kill or free instruments from bacteria, fungi, virus, spores and/or microorganisms
Sterilizer
Methods of sterilization
Simple Boiling
Steam under pressure ( e.g. autoclave)
By hot air or dry heat sterilization
By flame
Intermittent or fractional sterilization utilizing moist heat – most effective in killing spores
Chemical / cold sterilization – sterilization in the liquid form
the process of destroying pathogenic microorganisms by the use of chemical agents known as disinfectants, the term is synonymous with germicide.
Disinfection
the process whereby the growth and development of microorganisms are merely inhibited.
Antiseptis
one of the indispensable hand instruments in the cleaning of the teeth and other structures such as the tongue and gums.
Toothbrush
Regular tooth brushing of 3x a day:
can prevent the occurrence of caries and periodontal diseases by controlling the presence of virulent microorganisms.
Can prevent halitosis
Gives patient a pleasant feeling of cleanliness in the mouth
Home regimen of patients
paste of whitening and cleansing agent with appropriate amount of fluoride for caries prevention.
pea-sized amount is sufficient
fluoride concentration of 1,000ppm to 1,500ppm
Dentifrices
dental tape, used for interdental cleaning method
waxed or unwaxed
18-inch length of floss is recommended
Dental floss
substances that temporarily reduces oral malodor, leaving a pleasant taste
Mouth washes/ mouth rinses
Putting on of PPE
Donning
Putting off PPE
Doffing
Importance of wearing the dorrect PPEs
Reducing cross contamination
Provide adequate protection
Helps improve infection control
