Midterm Exam

Question 1

Why is it recommended to access PubMed through the UMKC libraries webpage?

Answer 1

You get free access to the studies

Question 2

Why do we suggest using “advanced” search box?

Answer 2

Searches can be saved

Question 3

What is the difference between “AND” “OR” and “NOT”?

Answer 3

AND= articles with both terms listed (fewer articles)
OR= you get articles with either of the terms (more articles)
NOT= will eliminate the term

Question 4

What is PMC?

Answer 4

PubMed Central: Articles funded by the National Institutes of Health Funds and are available to the public for free. This is reliability free.

Question 5

What is MeSH?

Answer 5

Medical Subject Headings- used to focus search

Question 6

In PubMed, where can you find MeSH terms?

Answer 6

Mesh database

Question 7

A subset of systematic reviews; a method for systematically combining pertinent qualitative and quantitative study data from several selected studies to develop a single conclusion that has greater statistical power.

Answer 7

Meta-Analysis

Question 8

In this type of study, the conclusion is statistically stronger than the analysis of any single study

Answer 8

Meta-Analysis

Question 9

In a meta-analysis, why is the conclusion so strong?

Answer 9

The conclusion is statistically stronger than any single study, due to increased numbers of subjects, greater diversity among subjects, or accumulated effects and results

Question 10

This type of study is used to establish statistical significance with studies that have conflicting results

Answer 10

Meta-Analysis

Question 11

This type of study is used to develop a more correct estimate of effect magnitude

Answer 11

Meta-Analysis

Question 12

This type of study is used to provide a more complex analysis of harms, safety data, and benefits

Answer 12

Meta-Analysis

Question 13

This type of study is used to examine subgroups with individual numbers that are not statistically significant

Answer 13

Meta-Analysis

Question 14

If a meta-analysis used studies in the form of ____ this would result in the highest level of evidence on the evidence hierarchy

Answer 14

Randomized control trials (RCT)

Question 15

Greater statistical power, confirmatory data analysis, greater ability to extrapolate to general population effected (generalizable), considered and evidence-based resource

Answer 15

Advantages of Meta-Analysis

Question 16

Difficult and time consuming to identify appropriate studies, Not all studies provide adequate data for inclusion and analysis, requires advanced statistical techniques, Heterogeneity of study populations

Answer 16

Disadvantages of meta-analysis

Question 17

The studies pooled for reviewers should be similar in type (example- all randomized controlled trials)

This is a pitfall of:

Answer 17

Meta-analysis

Question 18

We should ask ourself: Are the studies being reviewed all the same type of study or are they a mixture of different types?

In what type of study:

Answer 18

Meta-analysis

Question 19

In a meta-analysis, the analysis should include:

Answer 19

Published and unpublished results to avoid publication bias

Question 20

Does the meta-analysis include any appropriate relevant studies that may have had negative outcomes?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

A document often written by a panel that provides a comprehensive review of all relevant studies on a particular clinical or health-related topic/question.

Answer 21

Systematic review

Question 22

A document created after reviewing and combining all the information from both published and unpublished studies (focusing on clinical trials of similar treatments) and then summarizing the findings

Answer 22

Systematic review

Question 23

Exhaustive review of the current literature and other sources (unpublished studies, ongoing research), Less costly to review prior studies than to create a new study, Less time required than conducting a new study, results can generalized and extrapolated into the general population more broadly than individual studies, more reliable and accurate than individual studies, considered an evidence-based resource

Answer 23

Advantages of systematic review

Question 24

What are the disadvantages of a systematic review?

Answer 24

Very time consuming, and may not be easy to combine studies