midterm exam Flashcards
Why was theology considered the “Queen of Sciences” during the Middle Ages?
God’s revelation is the majestic source of our knowledge.
Thomas Aquinas’ three theologian aspects
- what is taught by god - revelation
- what teaches of god - dogma
- what leads to god - the spiritual path
theology v.s. religious study
Theo - need to have faith
RS - can remain skeptical
Three reasons to study theology?
- chance to ponder the eternal verities
- let in the divine
- infinity is your destiny
Sine Qua Non of Christianity
belief in the ressurection
Resurrection fact or myth?
For christianity, fact.
Peter
Preaches the gospel of jesus in and around Jerusalem to jews, put to death in the year 64 in Rome during Emperor Nero’s persecution of Christians.
Paul
Spread the gospel to non-jews in the Eastern Mediterranean basin and Rome, ideally suited to be a missionary, put to death in the year 64 in Rome during Emperor Nero’s persecution of Christians.
3 reasons for the spread of early christianity
- greek was the common unifying language
- Pax Romana prevailed for 300 years
- love
Gnosticism
heretical movement, alternative version of christianity where secret knowledge would provide salvation.
New testament criteria
- text had to be written or sponsored by an apostle
- had to be recognized as an orthodox
- had to be used by a prominent church or a majority of churches
Apostles Creed
early baptismal formula - put into clear language christian beliefs
Roman Emperor Constantine
Nicene Creed; made christianity an officially recognized religion on par with all state religions in the roman empire; later became the only state religion in the roman empire
Issue at the Council of Nicaea
- is the son really god? or just a man?
result - doctrine of consubstantiality - the Trinity
the 2 great popes
Leo the Great and Gregory the Great
Leo the Great
put down the monophysite heresy; persuaded the barbarian attlia the hun not to sack rome
Gregory the Great
fought off barbarians who eventually converted to christianity
The Great Schism of 1054
western and eastern parts of the unified christian church split; west becomes roman catholic; east becomes orthodox
two pillars of any monk’s life
prayer and work
doctrine of transubstantiation
bread and wine at moment of consecration at mass are transformed into the body and blood of christ
ex opere operato
out of the operation
two types of friars
Franciscans - value humility, simplicity, and service
Dominicans - value education and preaching
albigensian heresy
jesus never had a body, he was true god not true man
Summa Theologica
Thomas Aquinas - reps the apex of catholic christian theology
Three features of Gothic cathedral
- pointed arches in the nave
- buttresses to support the massive stone weight of the church
- stained glass windows
Martin Luther
started protestant reformation on halloween 1517; for papal corruption, selling of indulgences, rank and file priest in sorry state bc of little spiritual or intellectual formation
“pre-luther” Luthers
Jan Hus; Savanarola; John Wycliff; Master Eckhardt; Erasmus
three great lutheran principles
- bible is the word of god
- salvation by faith alone
- all are saved by god’s grace
effect of lutheran principles
protestant church was a lean, clean, praying machine
catholic response to protestant church
internally - catholics cleaned house at the council of trent
externally - catholic church welcomed the society of jesus
reformers after luther
Henry VIII (started church of england) ; John Calvin (doctrine of predestination, protestant church governance is localized, Geneva Academy trained future leaders)
Ana-baptist
“if it is not attested to in the bible, then it is not a valid practice”
society of jesus preached:
love your neighbor
Ignatius was injured by cannonball
changed his life - became centered on the divine
four principles of jesuit spirituality (pick one and define)
- find god in all things
- be a contemplative in action
- look at this world as god in the flesh
- detach, let go, be free
jesuit prayer techniques (pick one and define)
the examen
ignatian contemplation
discernment of spirits
Ignatius’ favorite prayer technique
contemplation
what method did ignatius advise his jesuit brothers to never neglect
the examen
five ignatian core values (pick one and define)
- find god in all things
- cura personalis
- magis
- men and women for and with others
- faith that does justice
according to the bible, what is gods plan for us
he creates us, gives us rules to live by, became one of us
cosmology
story of creation
why is christian cosmology unique
based on god’s love for us
genesis chap. 1
god is not part of matter; goodness of creation; humans are created in the “image and likeness of God”; be fruitful and multiply
genesis chap. 2
god molds our bodies, the forbidden fruit
exodus chap. 19
covenant means “agreement”; holy nation
exodus chap. 20
ten commandments (honor mother and father, shall not kill, shall not steal)
gospel of john chap. 1
“world made flesh”; “let there be light”; “love your neighbor as yourself”; “love others as i have loved you”
In the beginning was the word, and the word was with god, and the word was god. he was in the beginning with god.
opening words of the gospel of John, Chap. 1
garden of eden
psychological state we enter when we get out of our self-centered prison and help others
comparative cosmology
christian - god, man out of earth, women from adam’s rib, eve causes fall.
greek - mother earth the goddess, prometheus makes man of mud, pandora
why is jesus the second adam
brings us back to god
three points of luke
- innocence of jesus
- mercy, compassion, and healing power of jesus
- jesus does not go to death alone
theological lesson of the crucifixion
when we die we make sacrifices for our loved ones and gain a new happiness.
Virtue and Vice
know these
personality of roman catholicism
understand
describe one topic of catholic social justice teaching
race - we are all one; criminal justice - jesus was wrongfully persecuted, like many in todays criminal justice system
