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ANTH 101 > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Violence against women occurs through 5 stages

A

pre-birth, infancy, adolescence, adulthood, elderly

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2
Q

Margaret Mead

A

did fieldwork in Samoa, New Guinea, and Bali

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3
Q

Ruth Benedict

A

-one of the founders of modern anthropology
-skilled fieldworker and ethnographer

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4
Q

Biological Determinism

A

a theory that biological differences between males and females leads to fundamentally different capacities, preferences, and gendered behaviors. This suggests that gender roles are rooted in biology, not culture, which is an unscientific claim

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5
Q

Biological sex

A

male or female identity based on internal and external sex organs and chromosomes. While male and female are the most common biological sexes, a percentage of humans is intersex with ambiguous or mixed biological sex characteristics

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6
Q

Transgender

A

a category for people who transition from one sex to another, either male to female or female to male

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7
Q

Third Gender

A

a gender identity that exists in non-binary gender systems offering one or more gender roles separate from male and female

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8
Q

Cisgender

A

a term used to describe those who identify with sex and gender they were assigned at birth

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9
Q

Androgyny

A

cultural definitions of gender that recognizes some gender differentiation, but also accepts “gender bending” and role-crossing according to individual capacities and preferences

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10
Q

Heteronormativity

A

coined by the French philosopher Michel Foucault to refer to the often-unnoticed system of rights and privileges that accompany normative sexual choices and family formation

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11
Q

Symbolic ethnicity

A

limited occasional displays of ethnic pride

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12
Q

Multiculturalism

A

maintenance of multiple cultural traditions in a single society

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13
Q

Amalgamation

A

interaction between members of distinct ethnic and cultural groups that reduce barriers over time

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14
Q

Acculturation

A

learning the values, traditions and customs of mainstream culture and forgo one’s own ethnic and cultural identity

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15
Q

Assimilation

A

pressure placed on minority groups to adopt the customs and traditions of the dominant culture

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16
Q

Race is a

A

social construct

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17
Q

Gender is a

A

social construct

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18
Q

Sexes are a

A

male/female is a biological construct

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19
Q

What was the ritual of ceremonial gift-giving involving which Native American tribe that Franz Bias wrote about?

A

Potlatch of the Kwakiutl people

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20
Q

Franz Boas

A

-skilled fieldworker and ethnographer
-encouraged his students to criticize themselves as much as others

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21
Q

Kinship

A

force that coalesces, and divides a bit

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22
Q

Race

A

force that divides, and bind a bit

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23
Q

Lewis Morgan

A

-not a trained social scientist
-through his knowledge, people started studying kinship

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24
Q

Sororate marriage

A

the practice of a man marrying the sister of his deceased wife, many agricultural communities

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25
Q

Patrilineal/Matrilineal cousin marriage

A

the practice of marrying a male or female cousin on the father/mother’s side of the family; ex: father’s brother’s daughter- Muslims

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26
Q

Polygny

A

marriage where there is one husband and multiple wives, religious texts allowed it, or silent on it; Muslims in India- up to 4

27
Q

Serial monogamy

A

married to a succession of spouses one after another, USA (through mistresses and multiple partners are common)

28
Q

Polyandry

A

marriage with one wife and multiple husbands, examples Maasai of Tanzania

29
Q

Patrilineal descent

A

a kinship group created through the paternal line (father and their children

30
Q

Matrilineal descent

A

a kinship group created through the maternal line (mother and their children)

31
Q

Unilateral descent

A

is recognized only through one side of the family

32
Q

Bilateral

A

one’s ancestry is recognized through both the father and mother’s side of the family

33
Q

Descent groups

A

relationship that provide members with a sense of identity and social support based on ties of shared ancestry

34
Q

Family

A

the smallest group of individuals who see themselves as connected to each other

35
Q

Joint family

A

a very large extended family with multiple generations

36
Q

Nuclear family

A

a parent of parents who are in a culturally recognized relationship such as marriage, along with minor or dependent children

37
Q

Kinship

A

culturally recognized ties between members of a family, the social statuses to define family members, expected behavior associated with those statuses

38
Q

Domestic group

A

a group of people who live together even if members don’t consider themselves a family

39
Q

Participant observation methods

A

informal interviews, direct observation by living with a group

40
Q

Theory of functionalism

A

culture functions to meet the needs of individuals rather than society as a whole

41
Q

Bronislaw Malinowski

A

-Fieldwork in the Pacific Islands (Trobriand Islands)
-theory of functionalism

42
Q

Where did Tylor travel?

A

Mexico

43
Q

Criticism of Edward Tylor

A

barely traveled

44
Q

Edward Burnett Tylor

A

-founder of cultural anthropology
-believer in social evolutionism: simple to complex
-first professor of anthropology

45
Q

Latipso ceremonies

A

hospital

46
Q

Holy mouth man

A

dentist

47
Q

Process of inserting a small bundle of hog hairs with certain magical powders

A

brushing teeth

48
Q

The small font in the shrine rooms are

A

sinks

49
Q

The shrines in the house are

A

different rooms

50
Q

The North American Group living between Canadian Cree, the Yaqui and Tarahumare of Mexico is?

A

Nacirema, Americans

51
Q

Causes of the disappearance of many Native American tribes and nations

A

-wars and killing by European settlers
-new diseases
-destruction of social fabric leading to disintegration of entire communities

52
Q

Modern industrialized societies

A

200 years

53
Q

Peasants

A

or subsistence farmers, same time as pastoralists

54
Q

Pastoralists

A

domestication of animals 12,000 years back

55
Q

Hunter gatherers

A

90 percent of human history from origins

56
Q

Ethnology

A

the study of customary patterns of human behavior

57
Q

Linguistics

A

the study of human languages, written, and unwritten

58
Q

Archaeology

A

-seeks to reconstruct the daily life and customs of peoples in the past and to trace cultural changes
-before written history and after written history

59
Q

Biological anthropology

A

-questions the emergence of humans and their evolution
-questions how any why contemporary human populations vary biologically

60
Q

4 subfields of anthropology

A

-biological
-archeology
-linguistics
-cultural (and social)

61
Q

What do anthropologist want to understand?

A

how, where and how humans appeared on earth

62
Q

What sort of human beings are not studied by anthropology?

A

undead (zombie)

63
Q

Why do we study anthropology?

A

-to solve practical problems
-to alleviate misunderstandings between different cultural groups
-to understand physical differences
-how any why modern human populations very in certain physical features
-how and why societies, past and present, have varied their customary ideas and practices

64
Q

What is anthropology?

A

the study of human beings

ANTH 101 (1 decks)

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