Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Life Science JHU > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

1
Q

a permanent change in the genetic material of an organism

A

GENETIC•MUTATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a watery liquid in the mouth that softens food for swallowing

A

SALIVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a mass of cells that perform a specific function for the body

A

TISSUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a type of asexual reproduction found in bacteria,

other prokaryotes, and a few eukaryotes

A

BINARY•FISSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the observable genetic traits of an individual

A

PHENOTYPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a trait or characteristic that improves an organism’s ability to survive in its environment

A

Adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a trait or characteristic that improves an organism’s ability to survive in its environment

A

Adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

all possible genes for a trait

A

Alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

an organism that breathes through gills in its larval stage and through lungs in its adult stage

A

Amphibian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the intentional reproduction of organisms with the sole desire of creating offspring with desirable characteristics

A

Artificial Selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

reproduction that involves only one parent and results in offspring that is genetically identical to the parent

A

Asexual Reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a sensory receptor that detects sound

A

Auditory Receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

unicellular organisms that sometimes have cell walls but do not have organelles and an organized nucleus

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a type of asexual reproduction found in bacteria, other prokaryotes, and a few eukaryotes

A

Binary Fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the smallest functional building block of an organism

A

Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

a thin barrier that forms the boundary of cells

A

Cell Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the outermost layer of cell in plants and some microorganisms

A

Cell Wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

a feature used to identify a person or thing

A

Characteristic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a threadlike strand in the nucleus of a cell that contains genetic information

A

Chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the system that pumps blood through the body

A

Circulatory System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

to create a new organism that is genetically identical to its parent; the organism created by the process of cloning

A

Clone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

a photoreceptor in the eye that processes color vision

A

Cone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a mixture of water and salt that suspends the organelles within the cell

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

facts collected for reference and analysis

A

Data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
the system that breaks down food into energy for the body
Digestive System
25
having two complete sets of chromosomes
Diploid
26
the process of making wild plants or animals suitable for human use
Domesticate
27
a trait that is expressed in an offspring if one parent contributes it
Dominant Trait
28
relating to electric and magnetic fields
Electromagnetic
29
an unborn or unhatched organism undergoing the process of growth and development
Embryo
30
a substance that catalyzes chemical reactions in the body
Enzyme
31
describes unicellular or multicellular organisms that have cells with a defined nucleus
Eukaryotic
32
the natural process by which species develop and differentiate from earlier forms of life
Evolution
33
the reproductive structure in flowering plants
Flower
34
a haploid male or female reproductive cell that forms a zygote
Gamete
35
a unit of hereditary characteristics that are passed from parent to offspring
Gene
36
the amount of genetic variation across an entire species
Genetic Diversity
37
inserting, deleting, or modifying the genetic material of organisms to gain desired characteristics
Genetic Engineering
38
a permanent change in the genetic material of an organism
Genetic Mutation
39
the complete genetic makeup of an individual
Genotype
40
a cell that contains half of the total number of chromosomes
Haploid
41
having unmatched alleles for a trait
Heterozygous
42
the ability to stabilize internal conditions when surrounded by changing external conditions
Homeostasis
43
having a pair of matching alleles for a trait
Homozygous
44
an explanation based on research and observation that can be tested
Hypothesis
45
the system that protects the body from foreign substances and infectious diseases
Immune System
46
the system made up of skin, hair, and nails that protects internal structures from damage
Integumentary System
47
an organism’s stages of growth and development that lead to the production of offspring
Life Cycle
48
a type of cell division in which daughter cells end up with half the chromosomes of the parent cell
Meiosis
49
a change in form during the life cycle
Metamorphosis
50
a single-celled or multicellular organism that can be seen only under a microscope
Microorganism
51
a protective adaptation in which a species looks like another species
Mimicry
52
a type of cell division in which daughter cells end up with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell
Mitosis
53
the system made up of bones and muscles that support the body and allow it to move
Musculoskeletal System
54
the process by which organisms with more beneficial characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce
Natural Selection
55
a fiber or bundle of fibers that transmit signals to and from the body, brain, and spinal cord
Nerve
56
a system of nerves that transmit messages to and from the brain and spinal cord
Nervous System
57
tissue that sends signals to and from the brain, so a body can carry out processes
Nervous Tissue
58
a nerve cell
Neuron
59
the structural building block of nucleic acids
Nucleotide
60
the largest organelle in the cell, which contains genetic information and controls cell function
Nucleus
61
facts gathered by studying the world using the senses of sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell
Observation
62
a sensory receptor for smell
Olfactory Receptor
63
the nerve that connects the eye to the brain
Optic Nerve
64
a structure made up of tissues that perform a specialized function for the body
Organ
65
a specialized structure inside a cell
Organelle
66
an individual living thing
Organism
67
able to let liquids or gases pass through
Permeable
68
the observable genetic traits of an individual
Phenotype
69
the male gamete in flowering plants
Pollen
70
the transfer of pollen from the male to female parts of a plant
Pollination
71
when two or more genes determine the phenotype of a trait
Polygenic Inheritance
72
a group of a species that lives in a defined area at a specific time
Population
73
a statement that forecasts what will happen based on past events or evidence
Prediction
74
describes unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus
Prokaryotic
75
a trait that expresses in an offspring only if both parents contribute it
Recessive Trait
76
an involuntary response
Reflex
77
any behavior, structure, or function that helps the organisms reproduce or protect offspring
Reproductive Strategy
78
the system that takes in oxygen from the air and releases carbon dioxide
Respiratory System
79
the layer at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptors
Retina
80
a photoreceptor in the eye responsible for night vision
Rod
81
a watery liquid in the mouth that softens food for swallowing
Saliva
82
a branch of study that relies on observation and experiments to prove facts about natural events
Science
83
a statement that is accepted as universal fact, often expressed as a mathematical equation
Scientific Law
84
an approach to investigation that consists of a series of steps: question, hypothesis, collection and analysis of data, explanation, conclusion, and communication
Scientific Method
85
a hypothesis that has been tested repeatedly using the scientific method
Scientific Theory
86
the first stage of life for flowering plants and some nonflowering plants
Seed
87
a nerve ending that senses and responds to stimulus
Sensory Receptor
88
a type of reproduction in which there are two parents and the offspring is genetically different from each parent
Sexual Reproduction
89
a type of behavior that questions facts that have no evidence
Skepticism
90
a reproductive structure in some nonflowering plants and fungi
Spore
91
anything that causes a reaction in the body
Stimulus
92
a group of related parts that work together to perform a task or complete a process
System
93
a group of cells in the mouth that contain sensory receptors for taste
Taste Bud
94
Tissue | a mass of cells that perform a specific function for the body
Tissue
95
a characteristic determined by genes
Trait
96
the process that makes RNA from DNA
Transcription
97
the process that messenger RNA uses to make proteins
Translation
98
a measure of a given quantity
Unit
99
a characteristic, number, or quantity that takes different values in different situations
Variable
100
a microscopic agent that contains genetic material and reproduces inside the host cell of another organism
Virus
101
a diploid cell that forms when two haploid gamete cells come together
Zygote

Life Science JHU (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions