MidTerm Exam 1 Flashcards
Clinical Signs of Liver Disease
Loss of appetite, depression and vomiting
Jaundice and ascites (leakage of fluid into the abdomen giving a swollen appearance.)
Increased drinking and urinating (polydypsia and polyuria)
What type of a reaction is a
Transferase?
Transfer a functional group
What type of a reaction is a
Hydrolyse?
Cause hydrolysis reactions
Enzymes are classified on the basis of their composition.
What is
Apoenzyme
Cofactor
Co-Enzyme
Apoenzyme - protein component
Cofactor - inorganic molecule which bind temporarily to enzyme and are required to activate the enzyme, eg Mg Zn Mn or other ions
Co-Enzymes - Organic molecules required to activate an enzyme. Eg Coenzyme A (Pantothenic acid), NAD (niacin) (many vitamins are converted to coenzymes
There are three ways to speed up a chemical reaction what are they?
- increase the temperature
- adjust the concentration of product or reactant
- add a catalyst
What type of a reaction is a
Lyase?
Break C-O, C-C or C-N bonds
Liver Disease Diagnosis
Measurement of the blood levels of a number is enzymes produced by the liver, increases in these enzymes can induce damage to the liver cells or a reduction in the function of the liver.
- Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)
What type of a reaction is a
Isomerases
Rearrange functional groups
What type of a reaction is a
Ligase?
Join two molecules
What type of a reaction is a
Oxidoreductase?
Catalyse a redox reaction
Enzymes are classified on the basis of their composition.
Holoenzymes
Complex Enzyme composed of protein plus a relatively small inorganic/organic molecule
Enzymes are classified on the basis of their composition.
Simple Enzyme
Enzyme composed wholly of Protein.
