Midterm Content

Question 1

which teeth have three roots in dogs?

Answer 1

UP4, UM1, UM2

108/208, 109/209, 110/210

Question 2

which teeth in cats have three roots?

Answer 2

UP4

108/208

Question 3

what is the driver of periodontal disease - plaque or calculus?

Answer 3

PLAQUE

calculus provides a scaffolding for more plaque but has no direct role

Question 4

define

plaque

Answer 4

biofilm of proteins, mucopolysaccharides, oral debris, and bacteria

Question 5

define

periodontal disease

Answer 5

inflammation and damage/loss of the tissues surrounding and supporting a tooth

gingiva, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, etc.

Question 6

define

gingivitis

Answer 6

early periodontal disease

Question 7

is gingivitis reversible?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

define

periodontitis

Answer 8

deeper inflammation, later stage periodontal disease

Question 9

is periodontitis reversible?

Answer 9

no - this is permanent loss/damage

Question 10

can you stage periodontal disease on your physical exam?

Answer 10

nope, patient needs to be anesthesized for probing and rads to determine stage/severity

Question 11

first step in diagnosing tooth resorption

Answer 11

RADS

Question 12

what are the types of tooth resorption

Answer 12

Type 1 and Type 2

thought I was being tricky eh?

Question 13

Type 1 tooth resorption

Answer 13

much less common, associated with inflammation, unable to resorb effectively; stank mouth

Question 14

Type 2 tooth resorption

Answer 14

more common, body is effectively resorbing these (for some reason); asymptomatic, maybe some gingiva crawling on side of tooth

Question 15

which type of tooth resorption requires extraction - type 1 or 2?

Answer 15

Type 1

Question 16

which type of tooth resorption requires a crown amputation - type 1 or 2?

Answer 16

Type 2
take the exposed part and close the gingiva; tooth is eaten by odontoclasts while osteoblasts are filling in with new bone, so if you try to dig it out you’re gonna break their jaw

Question 17

treatment of mild periodontal disease (aka gingivitis)

Answer 17

scale/polish, home care

Question 18

treatment of severe periodontal disease (advanced attachment loss)

Answer 18

extraction

Question 19

pathogenesis of periodontal disease

Answer 19

plaque biofilm accumulate on the teeth and in the gingival sulcus –> gingivitis –> loss of bone height/soft tissue attachement –> plaque continues along newly exposed surface of tooth

this is a host-immune response to the plaque

Question 20

Hallmark of Feline Gingivostomatitis

Answer 20

Diffuse inflammation, especially in the caudal oral cavity

Question 21

treatment of feline gingivostomatitis

Answer 21

full mouth extractions

Question 22

most common feline oral neoplasia

Answer 22

squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

Question 23

can you treat oral SCC in cats?

Answer 23

rarely

Question 24

pathogenesis of feline oral SCC

Answer 24

SCC secretes cytokines that activate osteoclasts which destroy bone; also deposits keratin (inflammatory); can also occur sublingual/intralingual

Question 25

# define endodontic disease

Answer 25

PULP EXPOSURE and subsequent complications

Question 26

major complications of periodontal disease

Answer 26

oronasal fistulas and mandibular fractures | also obvi tooth movement, loss, deep pockets, etc.

Question 27

things needed on the dental record

Answer 27

oral findings, treatment provided, planned follow-up/future treatment, PICTURES!

Question 28

number of permananet teeth in dogs

Answer 28

42

Question 29

number of permananet teeth in cats

Answer 29

30

Question 30

what tooth don't cats have?

Answer 30

first premolar | also no lower P2

Question 31

# define apical

Answer 31

toward the apex/root tip

Question 32

# define coronal

Answer 32

toward the crown of the tooth

Question 33

# define mesial

Answer 33

side of tooth facing the center of the dental arch

Question 34

# define distal

Answer 34

side of tooth facing away from the center of the dental arch

Question 35

# define lingual/palatal

Answer 35

tongue side of tooth | lingual = mandibular; palatal = maxillary

Question 36

# define labial/buccal

Answer 36

outer surface of tooth facing lips/cheek

Question 37

3 Layers of Normal Dental Anatomy

Answer 37

1. enamel 2. dentin 3. pulp

Question 38

# define enamel

Answer 38

hard calcified tissue that covers the dentin of the crown portion of the tooth | almost entirely made of mineral

Question 39

# define cementum

Answer 39

hard calcified tissue that covers the root of the tooth

Question 40

# define dentin

Answer 40

hard calcified tissue forming the middle layer of tooth

Question 41

# define pulp

Answer 41

cavity inside the root canal, pulp chamber that contains nerves, vessels, cells and fluid; purpose is to make more dentin

Question 42

apical delta

Answer 42

at the root apex where the pulp canal branches and forms tiny foramina

Question 43

# Look at this diagram of a tooth.

Answer 43

smile, bitch

Question 44

# Identify.

Answer 44

Question 45

4 Components of the Periodontum

Answer 45

1. Gingiva 2. Periodontal Ligament 3. Cementum 4. Alveolar Bone

Question 46

# define anodontia

Answer 46

complete absence of all teeth ## Footnote very rare

Question 47

# define oligodontia

Answer 47

decreased number of teeth ## Footnote common in dogs, uncommon in cats

Question 48

# define supernumerary teeth

Answer 48

it's literally extra teeth.

Question 49

pesistent deciduous teeth are more common in what type of dog?

Answer 49

typically smaller dog breeds

Question 50

examples of tooth malformation

Answer 50

* odontoma * dens invaginatus * gemination

Question 51

dens invaginitus

Answer 51

developmental malformation, typically bilateral, resulting in a tall crown with irregular infolded enaml and dental layers, convergent roots

Question 52

does every tooth with pulp exposure need extracted

Answer 52

yes once pulp is exposed, it basically starts to die immediately and can migrate into surrounding tissues

Question 53

nasopharyngeal polyps

Answer 53

non-neoplastic soft tissue growths unique to cats which originate from the mucous membrane of the auditory tube or inner ear

Question 54

In how many locations should you bounce a probe around per tooth, minimum?

Answer 54

6

Question 55

# define gingival sulcus

Answer 55

the NORMAL gingiva surrounding a tooth | up to ~1mm deep in cats, up to ~3mm in dogs (size dependent)

Question 56

# define periodontal pocket

Answer 56

if the gingiva surrounding the tooth is PATHOLOGIC

Question 57

where do oronasal fistulas most commonly occur as a complication of periodontal disease in dogs?

Answer 57

the palatal aspect of the canine tooth

Question 58

oronasal fistula clinical signs

Answer 58

sniffing/snorting/sneezing, copius nasal discharge; mobile maxillary teeth, literally a hole | typically older small breed dog

Question 59

are discolored teeth dead?

Answer 59

probs - pulp "hemorrhages" leaks fluid into surrounding tissue/dentin --> stains. dead.

Question 60

Two Hallmarks of Endodontic Disease

Answer 60

1. Periapical Lysis 2. Pulp chamber stops narrowing

Question 61

how far coronally does the pulp chamber go in a cat canine tooth?

Answer 61

all the way to the cusp of the crown, so any cat with a broken canine probably has pulp exposure