Midterm content

Question 1

microfilaments

Answer 1

polymers of actin

Question 2

microtubules

Answer 2

polymers of tubulin

Question 3

Kinesin moves:

Answer 3

outwards (+)

Question 4

Dynein moves”

Answer 4

inwards (-)

Question 5

Duty cycle non muscle myosin

Answer 5

0.5

Question 6

duty cycle muscle myosin

Answer 6

0.05

Question 7

Types of striated muscle

Answer 7

skeletal and cardia

Question 8

thick filaments

Answer 8

myosin hexamers

Question 9

thin filaments

Answer 9

alpha actin

Question 10

Troponin

Answer 10

responds to Ca, moves tropomyosin out of the way

Question 11

Tropomyosin

Answer 11

Covers actin binding sites

Question 12

Z disk

Answer 12

protein plates where actin is attached

Question 13

A band

Answer 13

thick filament length

Question 14

I band

Answer 14

part of the thin filament that does not overlap

Question 15

H zone

Answer 15

the thick filament section that does not overlap with the thin filament

Question 16

Titin

Answer 16

springy anchors the thick filament to z disk

Question 17

Nebulin

Answer 17

twists around thin filament for structure

Question 18

Tropomodulin

Answer 18

Caps the - end of the thin filament

Question 19

CapZ

Answer 19

anchors + end of thin filament to the z disk

Question 20

Muscle myosin moves towards the:

Answer 20

+ end

Question 21

“twitch” vertebrate muscles are innervated by:

Answer 21

1 motor neuron

Question 22

What ensures depolarization in skeletal muscles

Answer 22

T-tubules - increase SA and allows for deep depolarization OR multiple innervations like tonic muscles

Question 23

DHPR opens:

Answer 23

Extracellular Ca

Question 24

RyR

Answer 24

physically linked to DHPR, RYR allows Ca to exit the SR

Question 25

Ca ATPase

Answer 25

Ca out of cell

Question 26

NaCaX

Answer 26

out of the cell

Question 27

SERCA pumps

Answer 27

Ca back into SR

Question 28

Troponin TnC

Answer 28

Binds to Ca

Question 29

Toponin TnI

Answer 29

Inhibitory: binds to actin

Question 30

Troponin TnT

Answer 30

binds to tropomyosin

Question 31

Why does summation happen

Answer 31

Increased calcium contraction when another stimuli is present

Question 32

When force was so high velocity is

Answer 32

zero

Question 33

Myogenic

Answer 33

contract in response to input from other muscle cells

Question 34

Cardiomyoctyes use what type of calcium releasee

Answer 34

Calcium induced, why? because RyR is not physically linked to DHPR

Question 35

Why is there sustained membrane potential in Cardiomyocytes

Answer 35

DHPR says open longer

Question 36

Myogenic uses

Answer 36

Gap junctions Neuro

Question 37

Neurogenic

Answer 37

stimulated by nerves

Question 38

parvalbumin

Answer 38

cytosolic calcium buffer that reduces calcium concentration in the cell