Midterm Concepts

Question 1

Economic Growth

Answer 1

The growth of investment in human capital, industriousness, and thrift, which enable the increased circulation of Capital.

Question 2

Cultural Entrepreneurs

Answer 2

Individuals who are agents of cultural change as identified by Joel Mokyr in Culture of growth. They do this by building past ideas in order to create new perspectives and innovation.

Question 3

Paradigm

Answer 3

A lens through which individuals view the world. Composed of two elements; the foundational beliefs of a society and the articulated theory dimensions which come together to create a perception of world order.

Question 4

Calling

Answer 4

The historically protestant concept of having a life purpose or “worldly duty” which aligns with your purpose in the eyes of god.

Question 5

Uneven and Combined Development

Answer 5

The geopolitical evaluative lens through which different global modes of production can be understood in their interaction with one another. This lens acknowledges plurality within societal development, while also recognizing the ways that different societies influence the development of others.

Question 6

Racism

Answer 6

System of racial oppression which is constructed through the capitalist system of hierarchy. Two Types!

Question 7

Chaos

Answer 7

The inefficacy of human intellectual capacity to regulate the overwhelming amount of information resulting from the automation of Capitalism. Berardi’s crisis of the Neoliberal paradigm which is due to the overwhelming complexity and volume present within automated capitalism..

Question 8

Neoliberalism

Answer 8

The latest stage of global capitalism which is characterized primarily by increased privatization, the liberalization of trade and industry, and the reproduction of capital which no longer relies on production.

Question 9

Useful Knowledge

Answer 9

Knowledge which can be directly applied to the development of science and technology, and is concrete in its application to the world.

Question 10

Iron Cage

Answer 10

The concept from Max Weber which explicates how excessive bureaucracy limits creativity and imaginative capabilities of people. Capitalism’s dominance reflects a limitation for alternative thinking.

Question 11

Dark Enlightenment

Answer 11

A concept coming from Berardi which explores the contemporary failure of human reason to regulate the forces of automated Capitalism.

Question 12

Protestant Ethic

Answer 12

Max Weber’s concept which is defined by the protestant obligation individuals feel towards the content of their professional activity.

Question 13

Geopolitics

Answer 13

The idea that development must be understood through its interaction with global social and political movements.

Question 14

Subsumption

Answer 14

Subsumption refers to the possession and transformation of labour practices in order to meet the needs of a dominating power. Three types: Formal(existing), Real (changing), Hybrid

Question 15

Institutions

Answer 15

Society’s means of stabilizing and perpetuating the ways of world order and generating regular behaviors.

Question 16

Primitive Accumulation

Answer 16

The process by which Capitalist elite take control over the means of production and remove laborers from ownership over the products of their labor.

Question 17

Commodification

Answer 17

The transformation of goods, services, ideas, and people into commodities which can be bought and sold.

Question 18

Privilege of Backwardness

Answer 18

A concept coming from Anievas and Nisanscioglu which argues that Europe’s comparatively late arrival to technological innovation allowed for fast concentration of growth later in Europe.

Atlantic vector: england and france saw mistake of spain and portugal

Question 19

Ideas

Answer 19

One of the three elements of Robert Coz’s World Order which is defined in two ways: First, the intersubjective meaning which compose human’s entrenched understanding of how people should relate. Second, the different collective ideas of social order which are held by different groups.

What you need in addition to material capabilities in order to develop society.

Question 20

Socialism

Answer 20

A social system which purports the values of equality, democracy, and collective wellbeing through the goal of eliminating class conflict.