Midterm Concepts

Question 1

The set of all possible outcomes of a statistical experiment is called the

Answer 1

sample
space (S)

Question 2

Each outcome in a sample space is called an

Answer 2

element

Question 3

In some
experiments, it is helpful to list the elements of the sample space systematically by
means of a

Answer 3

tree diagram

Question 4

Sample spaces with a large or infinite number of sample points are best described by a

Answer 4

statement or rule method

Question 5

An _____ is a subset of a sample space.

Answer 5

event

Question 6

The ______ of an event A with respect to S is the subset of all elements
of S that are not in A.

Answer 6

complement

Question 7

The ______ of two events A and B, denoted by the symbol A ∩ B, is the
event containing all elements that are common to A and B.

Answer 7

intersection

Question 8

Two events A and B are _______, or disjoint, if A ∩ B = φ, that
is, if A and B have no elements in common.

Answer 8

mutually exclusive

Question 9

The ______ of the two events A and B, denoted by the symbol A∪B, is the event containing all the elements that belong to A or B or both.

Answer 9

union

Question 10

The relationship between events and the corresponding sample space can be
illustrated graphically by means of

Answer 10

Venn diagrams

Question 11

The fundamental principle of counting, often referred
to as the ______

Answer 11

multiplication rule

Question 12

A ______ is an arrangement of all or part of a set of objects.

Answer 12

permutation

Question 13

Permutations that occur by arranging objects in a circle are called ________

Answer 13

circular
permutations

Question 14

Often we are concerned with the number of ways of partitioning a set of n
objects into r subsets called

Answer 14

cells

Question 15

In many problems, we are interested in the number of ways of selecting r objects
from n without regard to order. These selections are called _______

Answer 15

combinations

Question 16

The likelihood of
the occurrence of an event resulting from such a statistical experiment is evaluated
by means of a set of real numbers, called weights or ________

Answer 16

probabilities

Question 17

The _______ of an event A is the sum of the weights of all sample points in
A.

Answer 17

probability

Question 18

The probability of an event B occurring when it is known that some event A
has occurred is called a ______ and is denoted by P(B|A).

Answer 18

conditional probability

Question 19

A generalization of the foregoing illustration to the case where the sample space
is partitioned into k subsets is covered by the following theorem, sometimes called
the _______

Answer 19

theorem of total probability or the rule of elimination

Question 20

A _______ is a function that associates a real number with each element
in the sample space

Answer 20

random variable

Question 21

The random variable for which 0 and 1 are chosen
to describe the two possible values is called a _______

Answer 21

Bernoulli random variable

Question 22

If a sample space contains a finite number of possibilities or an unending sequence
with as many elements as there are whole numbers, it is called a

Answer 22

discrete sample space

Question 23

If a sample space contains an infinite number of possibilities equal to the number
of points on a line segment, it is called a _______

Answer 23

continuous sample space

Question 24

In dealing with
continuous variables, f(x) is usually called the the ______, of X.

Answer 24

density function

Question 25

We shall refer
to this average value as the ____ of the random variable X

Answer 25

mean

Question 26

The positive square root of the variance, σ, is called the ______ of
X.

Answer 26

standard deviation

Question 27

The probability distribution of this discrete random variable is called
the

Answer 27

binomial distribution

Question 28

The ______ does not
require independence and is based on sampling done without replacement.

Answer 28

hypergeometric distribution

Question 29

The number X of trials required to produce k successes in a negative binomial
experiment is called a negative binomial random variable, and its probability
distribution is called the

Answer 29

negative binomial distribution

Question 30

Experiments yielding numerical values of a random variable X, the number of
outcomes occurring during a given time interval or in a specified region, are called
_____

Answer 30

Poisson experiments