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MRAT 6120 - Sound for Visual Media > Midterm Concepts > Flashcards

Midterm Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

AAF

A

stands for advanced authoring format; interchange format used to translate files between different digital audio/video software programs; cross-compliant

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2
Q

Acts

A

different sections of a show or movie, coinciding with commercial breaks on TV

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3
Q

B-roll

A

supplementary visual information used as a filler between shots for smoother edits; for documentaries, usually includes what the subject is speaking about

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4
Q

BWF

A

broadcast wave format; type of WAV (uncompressed) file that includes metadata

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5
Q

EDL

A

edit decision list; list of edits, such as timing info and source info, that indicates the take used in a cut, the source used in a final project, and where a piece goes in a final show

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6
Q

Embedded

A

a certain feature or capability inserted into a file; for example, timecode is embedded into BWF

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7
Q

FFOA

A

first frame of action; the beginning of a video project, the first frame where video is running

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8
Q

LFOA

A

last frame of action; the end of a video project, the last frame where video is running

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9
Q

Where does one find where files are located in Pro Tools?

A

in the clip list, click on the top right dropdown; show-> full path, and you will see the exact file location of the clip

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10
Q

Where does one change where new audio files are created in Pro Tools?

A

setup-> disk allocation, check custom allocation options, and change the root media folder

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11
Q

Handles

A

extra time at the beginning and end of audio clips imported as part of an AAF or OMF file, usually a few seconds long, for the user to drag out and use for easier editing

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12
Q

Lossless encoding

A

file compression that does not harm any information from the original file

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13
Q

Lossy encoding

A

file compression that loses information during encoding, causing degradation of the original file

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14
Q

M&E

A

music and FX; two of the stems included in VoDME

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15
Q

Metadata

A

data about data; data included in a file that gives additional information about the file

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16
Q

Nudge value

A

determines the amount of a certain parameter (time, bars, beats, frames, etc.) to move a clip in the timeline; press + and - keys to nudge

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17
Q

Offline (video in Pro Tools)

A

video will not be output from Pro Tools in this setting; saves CPU; deselect the O button on a video track in Pro Tools to turn offline

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18
Q

Offline (media in Pro Tools)

A

media that is missing from the session’s associated Pro Tools session folder; tracks/clips will appear gray in the edit window

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19
Q

OMFI

A

open media framework interchange; interchange format similar to AAF

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20
Q

Online (video in Pro Tools)

A

video will be output from Pro Tools in this setting; select the O button on a video track in Pro Tools

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21
Q

Room tone

A

the acoustic characteristics of a room; usually recorded at the beginning of a shoot by the sound recordist so that the editor can patch in the room tone sound when editing to sound smoother

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22
Q

Scripted program

A

productions that contain a script

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23
Q

How is a story broken up in scripted programs?

A

scenes

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24
Q

How are scenes broken up in scripted programs?

A

shots

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25
What is each record of a scene called?
take
26
unscripted program
productions that do not contain a script
27
When does the story come together in an unscripted program?
post-production
28
production audio
all the sound recorded during the production of a program (dialogue, on-set sound effects, musical performances)
29
production sound mixer
also called location sound mixer; must record any item that is tied to a visual element, plus additional information that will be helpful for editing (room tone, etc.)
30
boom operator
person responsible for handling the shotgun mic; must be conscious of script so correct actor's voice is picked up and keep mic out of shot
31
utility
sound assistant; multi-use person who handles cabling duties as well as acting as second boom op or mixer if needed
32
Pro Tools playback
feeds the in-ear monitors of actors in musical productions so they can sing or play along
33
production assistant
also called PA; "everything" assistant; duties based on what is needed; if they can follow instructions, they will be asked back and considered for advanced productions
34
post-production
includes portions that do not take place on location/set; where the assembly of items recorded during production takes place
35
What types of duties are involved with post-production?
picture editing to align with script or assemble storyline, visual effects, sound editing, sound design, sound mixing
36
ADR
automatic dialogue replacement; lines recorded after a scene was shot that are meant to replace some specific lines that were recorded on set; also called loop lines/looping
37
ADR mixer
responsible for recording and accurate representation of ADR
38
sound editor
all-encompassing term for editors who address different audio aspects, including Foley, ADR, dialogue, sound effects, and music
39
What is the difference between copying files from source media and consolidating files from source media on import?
copying from source media imports the entire audio file, whereas consolidating from source media imports the edits plus handles to pad the front and back of edits
40
positional reference
where is something's position relative to something else
41
SMPTE
Society of Motion Picture and Television Editors
42
SMPTE timecode
provides a positional reference/time stamp; displayed in hours:minutes:seconds:frames
43
dialogue editor
responsible for lip synchronization; given an EDL by picture editor indicating which take was used for each scene and its location within the final picture edit; edits all of select/choice takes together and makes transitions between takes as smooth and natural as possible
44
What must a dialogue editor have ready at the discretion of the director?
alternate takes
45
sound effects editor
reviews the project with the director and decides what sound effects will be appropriate for the project; reconstructs and further enhances all non-musical and non-dialogue elements of the project
46
sound designer
comes up with ideas and sounds
47
Foley
subset of FX; used to enhance/replace synchronous or live effects, performed by a Foley artist
48
Foley artist
person who knows how to replicate perceived sound of what they are seeing on film/video
49
composer
creates the score as instructed by the director
50
music supervisor
in charge of all aspects of music for a project; collaborates with composer and picks additional pre-recorded songs to use in a program
51
scoring mixer
records and mixes musical score for film/show
52
music editor
works with music composer and music supervisor and keeps track of all musical elements of a project; attends recording sessions and takes notes on performance, instrumentals, tempo, etc.; syncs music to proper cut, addresses music changes during the mix, and provides a log of all music used in a project
53
re-recording mixer
takes all elements of a program and blends them together into a composite soundtrack
54
Who was the mixing team originally comprised of?
dialogue mixer, effects mixer, music mixer
55
What does re-recording mixing look like today?
two mixers; one dialogue/music and one effects; collaborates with director; responsible for mixing multiple formats and for multiple end mediums, making sure everything is within spec
56
What does D stand for in VoDME?
dialogue
57
What does dialog consist of?
on-camera and off-camera speaking, discernible words or speech
58
When is dialog recorded?
primarily during production, and often during post in ADR/looping
59
What does VO stand for in VoDME?
voiceover
60
What are the characteristics of VO?
more intimate, clearer, fuller-frequency characteristic than production dialogue; designed to help carry storyline into/out of scenes
61
What does M stand in VoDME?
music
62
What types of music can occur in a program?
original music scored for a project, "canned" music from libraries, music that needs to be cleared in order to use
63
When is VO recorded?
post-production
64
When is music recorded?
post-production; can be part of production if in a documentary; sometimes part of pre-production if a music scene is in the script
65
What does E stand for in VoDME?
effects
66
What falls under effects in a production?
every other sound element from door slams to background ambience
67
When are sound effects added?
mostly post-production
68
full mix
all elements of VoDME combined; also called program mix, 2 mix, composite mix, final mix, or surround mix
69
Why are the separate elements of VoDME kept separated?
to ease international distribution to meet varying delivery requirements of different distribution companies
70
SOT
sound on tape; audio recorded on the camera used for production
71
stem
an audio track designated for a specific part of the mix; in sound for picture, there will be a voiceover, dialogue, music, and effects stem
72
uncompressed file types
BWF (.wav), AIFF, PCM
73
What are some different applications of meters?
signal clarity (amplitude, sound field, spectral composition), mixing (music, sound for picture for spec)
74
What happens if a program is not within spec?
program will not pass QC (quality control) and you will have to adjust your levels
75
dBFS
decibel relative to full scale
76
What is the highest level in dBFS?
0 dBFS, digital ceiling; if this is crossed, distortion will occur, creating odd harmonics
77
peak meter
displays the highest signal level (sample value) at a specific point in time; also called instantaneous level
78
true peak (TP)
use oversampling (intersample peaks), which can be higher than sample values as much as 3dB, to calculate values that occur between samples
79
VU meter
volume unit meter; averages the absolute value of amplitude over intervals of 300ms; fairly accurate representation of perceived loudness
80
0VU=? dBu
+4, reference point of 1.23 Volts rms
81
0VU=? dBFS
-20; standard reference in US
82
How did digital delivery change film?
provided increased signal to noise ratio and dynamic range, meaning mixes could be louder without introducing noise
83
dialogue intelligence
tool implemented by Dolby that measured perceived loudness of a program; assigns dialogue normalization (dialnorm) to short-term snapshot or whole program
84
What device was used in broadcast to measure dialogue loudness?
Dolby LM100
85
CALM act
commercial advertisement loudness mitigation act; created LKFS measurement (LUFS) to take in full program content to measure loudness; follows ITU-R BS.1770 spec
86
What is the standard value of LKFS in the US?
-24 (+/-2)
87
short term loudness measurement
analyzes LKFS over a 3-second time range and provides average value for that time period
88
infinite/integrated/long-term loudness measurement
displays LKFS value of whole program; updates as more material is played
89
momentary loudness measurement
looks at most recent 400ms and gives value
90
TP standard in US
-2 dBTP
91
LU
loudness range of a program
92
gated analysis
removes quieter portions below a threshold when measuring loudness values to not overly affect final integrated values
93
ACE
American Cinema Editors; honorary society of motion picture editors based on professional achievement, commitment to the field, and dedication to education
94
CAS
Cinema Audio Society; consists of motion picture sound professionals and strives to educate and recognize sound mixers as major contributors to entertainment
95
MPSE
motion picture sound editors

MRAT 6120 - Sound for Visual Media (2 decks)

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