Midterm (CH1-5)

Question 1

Motor Learning

Answer 1

process by which the capacity to produce motor skills is changed as a result of instruction, practice, or experience, and of the influences that the learner, task, and environment play on those processes

Question 2

Motor Control

Answer 2

the study of the neural, behavioral, environmental, & synergistic mechanisms that underlie & are responsible for human movement & stability

Question 3

Synergist Movement

Answer 3

independent things working together

Question 4

Reciprocal Innervation

Answer 4

one signal results in two actions, antagonistic muscles; Charles Sherrington

Question 5

Final Common Pathway

Answer 5

all signal released to the periphery (motor) system, all things come together to create actions; Charles Sherrington

Question 6

Nikolai Bernstein

Answer 6

father of human motor behavior

Question 7

Cognitive Skill Domain

Answer 7

knowing what it is you need to do and how to do it; measurements of success are knowledge & ability

Question 8

Perceptual Skill Domain

Answer 8

ability to discern among sensory stimuli and to detect information within a sense; measurement of success is sensing when and how to act

Question 9

Motor Skill Domain

Answer 9

executing (doing) a movement correctly; measure of success is quality/quantity of movement

Question 10

Skill

Answer 10

entail a broad range of human behaviors, goal-oriented (purpose driven and voluntary), learned

Question 11

Motor Skill

Answer 11

broad range of behaviors through coordination & control, directed toward specific environmental goals, learned

Question 12

Guthrie’s Definition of Motor Skills

Answer 12

Maximum certainty of goal achievement
Minimum energy expenditure
Minimum movement time

Question 13

4 Essential & Common Characteristics of Motor Skills

Answer 13

Motor equivalence
Motor variability
Motor consistency
Motor modifiability

Question 14

Motor equivalence

Answer 14

different movement patterns for same action goal

Question 15

Motor variability

Answer 15

uniqueness of human action; neural pathways

Question 16

Motor consistency

Answer 16

Achieve goals of motor skill over and over

Question 17

Motor modifiability

Answer 17

ability to change an action once it has begun; more difficult the faster the skill is

Question 18

Degrees of Freedom

Answer 18

number of ways a unit of control can be organized-many different ways it can vary

Question 19

Perceptual-Motor Integration Problem

Answer 19

Interaction between environment and performer’s body