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ethics > midterm- aristotle > Flashcards

midterm- aristotle Flashcards

1
Q

what can be used as a form of guidance

A

pleasure/pain

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2
Q

What are the common beliefs as to what happiness is that Aristotle proves wrong

A

honor, pleasure, wealth

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3
Q

What is the good

A

That which everyone seeks

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4
Q

What is the highest good

A

The good that is being pursued for its own sake, not as a means to any other good, it is essential to life

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5
Q

What are the two things that happiness is

A

It is the highest good, and it is complete

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6
Q

What is a happy human

A

Has everything he/she needs to complete their function

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7
Q

Three things to have for function

A
  1. Conform to their function
  2. Have all the necessary things needed to perform function
  3. Over a complete life
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8
Q

What allows us to perform our function

A

Our virtues- we are given virtues from nature, but we can only activate them and become virtuous through our actions

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9
Q

What are the three parts of the soul

A

Rational- virtues of thought formed by experience and study

a. Practical
b. Theoretical

Part of the soul that gives the body life

Nonrational- virtues of character formed by habit, pleasure/ pain

a. Appetitive
b. Vegetative

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10
Q

Book I concept:

A

Happiness

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11
Q

Book II concept:

A

Virtues of Character

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12
Q

____ or ____ determines character

A

pleasure, pain

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13
Q

How are actions and virtues related

A

Our actions are based on pleasure vs. pain, and we need to do actions in order to be virtuous !

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14
Q

A virtue is a ___, and is a mean between two ___.

A

state, vices

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15
Q

The virtues we possess causes us to be

A

in a good state, and able to perform our function well!

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16
Q

virtue =

A

Aim at what is intermediate, THIS IS THE BEST CONDITION

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17
Q

Everyone has different means, but what is the same for everyone?

A

Our nature and our target, we just have different personalities and different communities that cause us to hit the target differently

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18
Q

How is ethics objective yet subjective

A

objective- we are all given the same nature

subjective- we all give the center of the target differently

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19
Q

____ –> ___ –> ____

A

Deficiency, Mean, Excess

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20
Q

How do we hit the mean or target?

A

We aim at either vice and adjust accordingly, we either pull back with more tension or we make it more loose

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21
Q

Book III concept

A

Preconditions of virtue

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22
Q

Name the four types of actions

A

Voluntary
Mixed
Nonvoluntary
Involuntary

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23
Q

Voluntary actions

A

Are known, you choose to do them, there are two types

a. Done with knowledge- you know what you’re doing you just don’t know if its ethical
b. Done in ignorance- drunkness, we choose to get drunk which causes our bad actions

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24
Q

Mixed actions

A

Actions that are done because we are forced to do something good or bad, involuntary because someone is making us do it, but voluntary because we actually end up doing that thing

25
Q

Nonvoluntary

A

Actions done by ignorance without pain or regret (ex: holding the door for someone accidentally )

26
Q

Involuntary

A

Actions done by ignorance with pain and regret, things you would not have done if you knew you were doing it (ex: hitting someone with your car)

27
Q

What is fear

A

The expectation of something bad, what is frightening varies from person to person

28
Q

What is most frightening

A

death

29
Q

The brave person

A

Stands firm against the right things, and fears things at the right time/ way

30
Q

____ –> bravery –> _____

A

cowardice, rash

31
Q

What is temperance

A

The mean concerned with pleasures

32
Q

Pleasures from the soul vs. pleasures from the body

A

soul- thought, not body, getting pleasure in healthy food

body- objects of appetite, pleasure out of mcdonalds

33
Q

___ –> temperance –> _______

A

intemperate- voluntary and caused by pleasure

cowardice - caused by pain

34
Q

How can we see things that appear to us how we really are?

A

If we form our virtues, which allow us to form our character

35
Q

Book IV concept

A

Different types of virtues

36
Q

Generosity is the means of

A

giving and taking wealth

37
Q

The generous person gives

A

at the right times, from the right sources, to the right people

38
Q

Give the two vices to generous

A

Wastefulness –> Generosity –> Ungenerosity

39
Q

The wasteful person

A

gives to the wrong people

40
Q

The generous person uses rationality to

A

decide when to give and how much money to give, it is not just random acts of kindness

41
Q

Give the two vices to magnificence

A

stinginess –> Magnificence –> Vulgarity

42
Q

what is being vulgar

A

buying first round of drinks because you’re having a good day, lord henry, displays wealth

43
Q

what is the act of magnificence that krom gave

A

buying the first round of drinks because your daughter is getting married

44
Q

the magnificent person spends money on ____

A

the common good

45
Q

The magnanimous person

A

thinks of himself worthy of great things and actually deserves them

46
Q

____ is superior to receiver applies to which virtue

A

giver, magnanimity

47
Q

to be magnanimous

A

you must be fine and good and possess all the virtues

48
Q

give the vices of magnanimity

A

pusillanimous (people who are great but are unaware) –> magnanimity –> vanity

49
Q

Why is magnanimity no the absolute best virtue

A

is is only in relation to one self

50
Q

Book V concept

A

justice- the ultimate virtue

51
Q

The just person aims at

A

what is good- is an overreacher, maybe this makes it the best too because he is always reaching for something great instead of the magnanimous person already thinks he has everything great

52
Q

the just person is abiding to the

A

law and is fair

53
Q

The just person is a virtue in relation to

A

one another, happiness is in relation to the whole community

54
Q

The two types of justice

A

general justice and special justice

55
Q

general justice

A

justice done by government law but unjust / viscous in the way you are doing it (ex: latrobe bikes )

56
Q

Special justice

A

relating members of the community to one another

57
Q

two types of special justice

A

a. distributive justice

b. rectificatory

58
Q

distributive justice

A

donations, tries to make us equal, must come from someone in charge- ex: boss giving employees bonus)

59
Q

rectificatory justice

A

measure of the value depends on the need

a. voluntary- a contract, buying something off of someone
b. involuntary- someone punching Dr. Krom- he suffers from a loss

ethics (1 decks)

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