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History of International Cinema (FILM 2 SMC) > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Realism?

A

Depicting reality to look and feel as close to how it actually is as possible.

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2
Q

What is Formalism?

A

Depicting reality in a stylized way. Showing how it looks to the director, or to add a sub-textual feeling to reality.

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3
Q

Who were the Lumiere Brothers?

A

Reverse engineered Edison’s camera to invent the Cinematographe. The founder’s of realism.

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4
Q

What is a Cinematographe?

A

A portable, all in one camera/film printer/projector. Invented, used, and sold around the world by the Lumiere brothers.

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5
Q

What was the style of the Lumiere Brothers?

A

They used the style of realism to shoot interesting things in documentary style. They were very thoughtful about composition, and tried to create the illusion of depth on a 2D image.

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6
Q

What are Actualities?

A

The Lumiere brothers’ 1 minute stationary shots of interesting things, in a documentary style.

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7
Q

Who was George Melies?

A

The first person to realize films could be used to tell stories. Invented scenes by stitching together multiple shots.

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8
Q

What was the style of George Melies?

A

A proscenium style, founder of formalism. Didn’t like empty spaces in the frame, and utilized kineticism. Broke the 4th wall.

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9
Q

What does proscenium mean?

A

A style of cinematography that treats the frame like a theater stage.

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10
Q

Who made The Sprinkler Sprinkled?

A

The Lumiere Brothers.

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11
Q

Who made A Trip to the Moon?

A

George Melies.

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12
Q

What is Avant Garde?

A

A style of filmmaking that does not tell a story, but is purely aesthetic.

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13
Q

Who was Man Ray?

A

American Avant Garde Filmmaker working out of France. Created Return to Reason.

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14
Q

Who was Fernand Leger?

A

A French filmmaker who celebrated motion and utilized repetition. Created Mechanical Ballet (Ballet Mecanique).

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15
Q

What is The Fast Runner?

A

A realism film made in 2002 by Zacharias Kunuk. About Atanarjuat(The Fast Brother) and Amaqjuat(The Strong Brother). All the actors are untrained, and native Inuits.

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16
Q

What happens in The Fast Runner?

A

Oki and Atanarjuat(the fast one) fight over Atuat (the woman), Atanarjuat wins and can therefore marry Atuat. In a later act Oki kills Amaqjuat (the strong one).

There are Ellipses in the film.

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17
Q

What is an ellipses?

A

A long time cut.

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18
Q

Who was Frederico Fellini?

A

A filmmaker with a style so distinct a word was coined for it: Felinesque. His go to producer was Alberto Grimaldi.

19
Q

What was Frederico Fellini’s Style?

A

Exaggeration, strange looking actors, expresses with colors, highly sexual, used a lot of ADR.

20
Q

What is Satyricon?

A

A film by Fellini, the title means: (means collection of satires). The style is strongly Formalistic.

21
Q

What happens in Satyricon?

A

About Encolpius, cursed by the gods with impotence. Trying to find a cure.
About Roman Empire, BC era. Uses historical context to show/make a point about contemporary issues.

22
Q

Who were the Taviani Brothers?

A

Classical filmmakers who made The Night of the Shooting Stars.

23
Q

What is The Night of the Shooting Stars and what is it about?

A

Film by the Taviani Brothers. Classicism.

About a sinful marriage, due to the woman being pregnant before hand.

24
Q

What is German Expressionism?

A

Dark and moody film style. May be a reflection of the nations mood after being humiliated in WWI.

All about Stimmung: Tone/Moodiness.

25
Q

What is Nosferatu?

A

A Formalist German film from the era of German Expressionism by F.W. Murnau in 1922.

Broke away from the UFA tradition of filming on sound stages, and shot on location.

Used a lot of special effects. Stationary camera.

The plot was not very important, was more about the style.

Self sacrifice is a central theme, Ellen sacrifices herself for the town, by tricking Nosferatu into the daylight.

26
Q

Who are the main characters in Nosferatu?

A

Hutter - Protagonist
Ellen - Hutter’s wife
Nosferatu - Vampire
Knock - Vampire’s minion

27
Q

What is Soviet Montage?

A

In 1917, Russian Revolution, film in Russia was to spread ideas over large distances.

Camera’s reach Russia through Lumiere salesmen.

WWI made it impossible for them to get celluloid from Germany. So they used existing films to tell stories by editing them together. This led them to realize editing can create meaning/emotion.

28
Q

Who was Lev Kuleshov?

A

figured out that it was still possible to make films without celluloid.

Studied existing films with his colleagues and edited them into new stories.

Explained that for a cut to work, it needs to operate on emotional, intellectual and narrative level.

29
Q

Who was Sergei Eisenstein?

A

Invents Dialectical Montage and Collision/Conflict/Contrast. Created famous film Battleship Potemkin. First to use non-linear editing.

30
Q

What is Battleship Potemkin?

A

A film by Sergei Eisenstein in 1930. First to use non-linear editing in a famous scene of a soldier breaking a plate.

Based on a true story of a crew on a ship rebelling against the captains.

31
Q

Who was Alexander Dovzhenko?

A

German Filmmaker who made “Earth”.

Made of only individual shots, geography of the shots were unclear. No proof that shots share the same space at the same time.

32
Q

What is Poetic Realism?

A

A style from France in 1927. Utilized techniques like:

Mise-en-scene - blocking of actors and camera movement.

The Long Take - shooting in real-time for realism.

Defined by filmmakers like Jean Renior and films like Grand Illusion

33
Q

What is Grand Illusion?

A

A film from the Poetic Realism era. Made by Jean Renior in 1937.

About the illusions that define war. Follows French prisoners of the Germans. Utilizes reiteration to emphasize important points.

34
Q

Who was Jean Renior?

A

A filmmaker from the Poetic Realism era. Utilized Missensen, used depth composition, was a fighter pilot in WWI.

35
Q

Who is Boldieu?

A

A character from Grand Illusion?

French Senior Officer who sacrifices himself for Marechal and Rosenthal, to show Rauffenstien that they all have more in common than he thinks.

36
Q

Who is Rauffenstien?

A

High Ranking German who befriends Boldieu.

Same as Boldieu in almost everyway, except he did not respect people of a lower class. (Marechal and Rosenthal)

37
Q

Who are Marechal and Rosenthal?

A

Characters from Grand Illusion.

The two who escape and stay with Elsa - the German Woman.

38
Q

What is Italian Neo-Realism?

A

A style that came from Italy, when filmmakers didn’t have resources to make films.

Showed 3rd world countries that they could still make good films with limited resources.

Notable film - Umberto D by Dec Sica 1951 (Post WWII)

39
Q

What is Umberto D?

A

A Film by De Sica in 1951.

About a poor old man (Umberto D) and his dog in the depression era in Italy.

Notable Scenes-
Maria breaking down crying after routine tasks in the kitchen.

Umberto unable to swallow his pride and beg like many others do.

Watching the windows of the apt. as Umberto leaves on a train, showing there are many other Maria’s and Umberto’s throughout the building.

40
Q

Main characters in Umberto D?

A

Umberto - protagonist
Flike - Umberto’s Dog
Maria - Maid

41
Q

What is French New-Wave?

A

Close to formalism on the spectrum.

All about Auteur Theory.

Started by Film Critics from the French magazine Cahier du Cinema:

Francois Truffout and Jean-Luc Godard.

Their style was to break all conventional rules of filmmaking.

Notable Films:

Breathless by Goddard 1959

400 Blows by Truffout 1959

42
Q

What is Auteur Theory?

A

Directors have a style that can be identified in their films.

43
Q

Characters in Breathless

A

Michel Poiccard / Laszlo Kovacs

Patricia Franchini

44
Q

Characters in 400 Blows

A

Antoine Doinel - Main character
Gilberte Doinel - Antoine’s Mother
Julien Doinel - Antoine’s Father

History of International Cinema (FILM 2 SMC) (1 decks)

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