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Intro to Sociology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is social structure

A

the way society is set up

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2
Q

Why is social structure important?

A

its the “rules of the game”

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3
Q

What is the main point of “Eating your friends”

A

illustrates sudden change in social structure and a new set of norms

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4
Q

What is social construction

A

meaning is built through interaction with object and others

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5
Q

Give an example of social construction

A

mask= sick or medical, now mask= democrat

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6
Q

Define Agency

A

free will

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7
Q

Define Macro-level factors

A

large scale, society as a whole

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8
Q

Define Meso-level factors

A

middle ground between macro and micro

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9
Q

Define Micro-level factors

A

individual level

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10
Q

Describe the conflict theoretical approach

A

2 groups: powerful and oppressed

battle over material resources

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11
Q

Describe the functionalism theoretical approach

A

society operates as an organism

everyone is there for a reason

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12
Q

Describe the symbolic interactionism theoretical approach

A

we create meaning through interaction

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13
Q

Define values in culture and give an example

A

abstract ideas of what is right and what is wrong

being faithful in marriage

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14
Q

define norms in culture and give an example

A

rules that specify appropriate behavior in a situation

Muslim women wearing headscarves

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15
Q

define material culture

A

physical objects

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16
Q

define counterculture

A

cultural group in a larger society that rejects norms of the majority

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17
Q

define ethnocentrism

A

tendency to look at other cultures through eyes of your own

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18
Q

define cultural relativism

A

judging a culture by their perspective

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19
Q

What is social construction of reality

A

As we interact with things we decide what things mean and what to expect in the future

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20
Q

What are the beliefs of Auguste Comte

A

Invented sociology

Thought it should model itself after physics

Society is not normal but constructed by individuals

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21
Q

Beliefs of Herbert spencer

A

Development is a natural outcome of individual achievement

Natural order meaning state should not help lower class

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22
Q

Beliefs of Émile Durkheim

A

Social structure constraints our activities and therefore what we do as individuals

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23
Q

Beliefs of Karl Marx

A

Material and economic factors have a prime role in determining historical change

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24
Q

Beliefs is Max Weber

A

Economics, ideas and values affect social change

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25
Q

Beliefs is WEB DuBois

A

American society lets African Americans see themselves only through the eyes of others

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26
Q

What is cultural appropriation

A

When members from one culture borrow elements from another

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27
Q

What is assimilation

A

Acceptance of minority group group by majority group

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28
Q

Why should we care about culture

A

Affects all areas of our lives

Constrain and expand life chances

Understand others motives

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29
Q

What is socialization

A

The interactive processes that teach us what to believe and how to behave in a culture

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30
Q

Define life course

A

The various transitions and stages people experience during their lives

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31
Q

Define social reproduction

A

Process of perpetuating values which leads to continuity over time

32
Q

What are the two phases of socialization

A

Primary in childhood

Secondary in late childhood and maturity

33
Q

Define primary socialization

A

Takes place in childhood

Most intense period

Learn from parents

34
Q

Define secondary socialization

A

Late childhood and maturity

Learn from school, peers, media

35
Q

Define resocialization

A

Learning new norms and rules after moving to a new social world

36
Q

Define and give an example of anticipatory socialization

A

Learning about a role before we enter it

Parenting classes

37
Q

Define hidden curriculum

A

In schools there are subtle behaviors and attitudes that we learn

38
Q

Define social identity

A

Characteristics that others attribute to an individual

39
Q

Define identity

A

People’s understanding of who they are

40
Q

Define master status

A

Single identity or status that overpowers the other identities one holds

41
Q

Define role

A

A position someone holds

42
Q

What is the generalized other

A

When someone believes the whole of society is judging them about something

43
Q

Demographics of silent generation

A

1928-1945

75-92 years

6% of US pop

44
Q

Demographics of Baby Boomers

A

1946-1964

56-74 years

21% of pop.

45
Q

Demographics of Gen X

A

1965-1980

40-55 years

20% of US pop

46
Q

Demographics of millennials

A

1981-1996

24-39 years

22%

47
Q

Demographics of Gen Z

A

1997-2012

8-23

20%

48
Q

Characteristics is silent generation

A

Traditional gender roles

You could get ahead if you worked hard

Must pay their dues

See world of opportunities

49
Q

Characteristics of baby boomers

A

Social movements

Less conservative

Mixed economic opportunities

Challenger status quo except in work

Older is more progressive

50
Q

Characteristics of Gen X

A

Declining economic opportunities

Church and government scandals

Divorce

Assume things will go wrong

51
Q

Characteristics of millennials

A

Social media

Self esteem movement

Great Recession

More acceptance of diversity

52
Q

Characteristics of Gen Z

A

Digital natives

Sharp political divisiveness

Social upheaval

High diversity

Social movements

Entitled and fearful

53
Q

Define looking-glass self

A

The reactions we elicit in social situations create a mirror in which we see ourselves

54
Q

Define status

A

Social prestige a group had according to other members of society

55
Q

Define social position

A

Social identity an individual has in a given context

56
Q

Define civil inattention

A

Indicating awareness but not intrusiveness

57
Q

What are the stages of socialization according to Mead

A

Imitation stage- 0-3- imitate what they see

Play stage- 3-6- role taking

Game stage- 6-school age— learn how roles work together

58
Q

What are Goffmans 5 main points about the self

A

Self is formed through interaction

We present ourselves to get desired reactions

We have a front and back stage

We use sign vehicles

There is not true self

59
Q

Define expressions given

A

What you want others to see

60
Q

Define expressions given off

A

What people actually see about you

61
Q

What is a democracy

A

Political system in which the people rule

62
Q

What is a monarch

A

Unelected king and queen rule

63
Q

What are constitutional monarchs

A

King and queen are simply a face

64
Q

What is a liberal democracy

A

Elected president holds power

65
Q

What is Marxs explanation for why social movements occur

A

Society is based off of classes

In unstable societies, forces of production change and classes clash

66
Q

James Davis’ explanation for social movements

A

More likely when people’s living conditions improve

67
Q

Define deviance

A

Non conformity to a set of norms that a significant number of people in a community accept

68
Q

Define sanctions

A

Reward or punishment that reinforces socially expected forms of behavior

69
Q

Define anomie

A

Situation in which social norms lose their hold over individual behavior

70
Q

What does Durkheim say about deviance

A

It is inevitable and necessary

Adaptive

Promotes boundary maintenance

71
Q

What does Merton say about deviance

A

It’s a by product of economic inequalities

72
Q

What are the five types of deviance

A

Conformists

Innovators

Ritualists

Retreatists

Rebels

73
Q

What are conformists

A

Accept generally held values regardless of where they meet with success

74
Q

What are innovators

A

Accept socially approved values but use illegitimate means to follow them

75
Q

What are ritualists

A

Conform to standards though they lost sight to underlying values

76
Q

What are retreatists

A

Abandon the competitive outlook rejecting both dominant values

77
Q

What are rebels

A

Reject both dominant values but try to reconstruct the social system

Intro to Sociology (2 decks)

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