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Professional communications > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

communication:

A

a process by which information is exchanged between individuals

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2
Q

forms of communication:

A
  • face to face
  • verbal
  • nonverbal
  • written
  • electronic
  • music + art
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3
Q

why we communicate:

A
  • physical needs
  • identity needs
  • we interact for pleasure, affection, escape, companionship, relaxation, control
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4
Q

linear communication:

A

one way communication in which the message flows from sender to receiver
-one way track

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5
Q

transactional communication:

A
  • unique human process
  • communicate WITH someone
  • complex and reciprocal
  • communicator not sender
  • back and forth
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6
Q

bad communication is:

A
  • dismissive

- condescending

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7
Q

5 principles of communication:

A
  • can be intentional or unintentional
  • is irreversible
  • its impossible not to communicate
  • is unrepeatable
  • has content and relational dimensions
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8
Q

misconceptions of communication:

A
  • more communication is not always better
  • successful communication does NOT ALWAYS have shared understanding
  • a single person/event does not cause a certain outcome
  • communication does not solve all problems
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9
Q

interpersonal:

A

communication with yourself

internal dialogue

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10
Q

interpersonal:

A

sending and receiving of communication between two or more people

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11
Q

impersonal:

A

based on social roles
informal and superficial
on the surface convos

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12
Q

characteristics of competent communication:

A
  • wide range of behaviours
  • ability to choose appropriate behaviours
  • cognitive complexity (this about it from all sides)
  • empathy
  • self monitoring
  • commitment
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13
Q

motivation:

A

willingness to communicate with others

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14
Q

tolerance for ambiguity:

A

makes it possible to accept equivocal and sometimes incomprehensible messages

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15
Q

metacommunication:

A

refers to communication about the verb and nonverbal messages that communicators send to one another
-communication and communication

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16
Q

the self:

A

3 dimensions:

  • social self (comparison)
  • spiritual self
  • material self
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17
Q

Self concept:

A
  • subjective description of who you are
  • contains values and beliefs
  • influences; age, gender, education, media, culture, illness
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18
Q

Values:

A

what is important to you

-ideas/principles that guide you

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19
Q

self esteem:

A

part of the self that evaluates our worth

influences: biology, nature, and nurture, events (death, loss)

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20
Q

low self esteem:

A

need positive external experiences to counteract the negative internal feelings and thoughts

  • tend to view life negatively, resulting in belief they are worthless, hopeless, unmotivated
  • unrealistic expectations
  • poor coping skills (destructive)
  • tend to stay in unhealthy relationships
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21
Q

high self esteem:

A

positive thoughts

  • assertive
  • able to form secure and honest relationships
  • realistic in expectations
  • more resilient and better coping skills
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22
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy:

A

never ending cycle of; others beliefs about us, cause others actions towards us, which reinforce our beliefs about ourselves and influence our actions towards others

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23
Q

identity management:

A

public vs private self

  • deliberate vs unconscious decisions
  • online vs in person persona
  • physical appearance
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24
Q

communication and the self:

A

self-analysis relates to interpersonal communication

-what you think about yourself both reflect and affect your communication with others

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25
Q

personality:

A

characteristic ways that you think you behave across a variety of situations

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26
Q

characteristics of self-concept:

A
  • is subjective (its our own beliefs)
  • can be distorted (unrealistic)
  • there is no perfection in self concept
  • social expectations influence self concept
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27
Q

how to change your self concept:

A
  • have a realistic perception of yourself
  • have realistic expectations
  • have the will to change
  • have the skills to change
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28
Q

diversity:

A

all the potential things around us

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29
Q

gender:

A

refers to the social, psychological and behavioural expectations that are placed on us by society

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30
Q

sex:

A

biological dimensions on which we are defined as female or male

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31
Q

self imposed prophecy:

A

occurs when your own expectation influence your behaviour

32
Q

other imposed prophecy:

A

where your actions are governed by the expectations that others have for you

33
Q

characteristics of identity management:

A

we strive to construct multiple identities

  • identity management is collaborative
  • identity management can be deliberate or unconscious
34
Q

perception:

A

process where we assign meaning to the world around us

35
Q

selection in perception processing:

A

first stage, where data is chosen to attend to or ignored

36
Q

organization of perception processing:

A

stage that involves arranging data in a meaningful way

37
Q

perceptual schemata:

A

cognitive framework that allows individuals to organize data that they have selected from the environment (physical, interaction, psychological)

38
Q

interpretation

A

= selection + organization

39
Q

factors that influence interpretation:

A

degree of involvement, past experience, assumptions, attitude, knowledge, self-concept, relational satisfaction

40
Q

factors that influence perception:

A

media, age, hunger, fatigue, halo effect, gender, culture, assumptions, first impressions

41
Q

selection:

A

the data to which we attend to

-motives also influence what is selected from our environment

42
Q

interpretation :

A

attaching meaning to sense data

-plays a role in virtually every interpersonal act

43
Q

negotiation:

A

occurs between and among people as they influence one another’s perception and try to achieve a shared perspective

44
Q

common tendencies in perception:

A

attribution

  • we judge ourselves more charitably than others
  • we cling to first impressions
  • we assume others are similar to us
  • we are influenced by the obvious
45
Q

empathy:

A

ability to recreate another persons perspective

46
Q

perspective taking:

A

an attempt to understand the viewpoint of another person

47
Q

empathy is emotional:

A

helps you build a connection

48
Q

sympathy:

A

means you feel compassion for another persons situation from your own perspective

49
Q

cognitive complexity:

A

ability to construct a variety of frameworks for viewing an issue

  • offer several explanations
  • connection with empathy
50
Q

semantic rules:

A

governs the meaning that is assigned to words

-dictionary meaning of words

51
Q

equivocal language:

A

consists of words that have more than one commonly accepted definition
-refers to word orders/phrases

52
Q

relative words:

A

gain their meaning through comparison

-slow, fast, pain, stupid, short/long

53
Q

static evaluation:

A

statements that contain or imply the word “is” leas to the mistaken assumption that people are consistent and unchanging

54
Q

abstraction:

A

vague and unclear language

55
Q

behavioural language:

A

refers specifically to things that people do or say

56
Q

syntactic rules:

A

governs the grammar of a language

57
Q

pragmatic rules:

A

help us understand how a message is to be interpreted within a context

58
Q

denotative:

A

dictionary meaning of a word

59
Q

connotative:

A

refers to what a particular word or phrase means to you

60
Q

naming and identity:

A

names shape the way others think of us, the way we view ourselves and the way we act

61
Q

language and sensitivity:

A

person-first approach; you do not identify the individuals by the group to which they belong, or by anything like that; promotes inequality (use inclusive language)

62
Q

affiliation:

A

how we speak can also build and demonstrate solidarity with others; alter speech, vocabulary, choice, politeness when speaking to people

63
Q

convergence:

A

process of adapting one’s speech style to another

64
Q

divergence;

A

speaking in a way that emphasized their differences

-using professional terms to demonstrate knowledge and how different they are

65
Q

power:

A

can be overbearing or be seen as confident; dynamic

-need to be able to be polite and powerful

66
Q

fast-inference confusion:

A

opinions or conclusions based on a speaker’s belief; assumptions are presented as if they are fact

67
Q

emotive language:

A

appears to describe something but really announces the speakers attitude towards something

68
Q

nonverbal communication;

A

body language, vocal cues, touch, appearance, physical space, environment

69
Q

body orientation:

A

degree in which we face towards or away from someone with our body

70
Q

posture::

A

the way we carry ourselves

71
Q

gestures:

A

movement with our arms and hands

72
Q

types of listening:

A

passive, active

73
Q

benefits to listening:

A

builds trust, broadens approach, strengthens patience, increases knowledge, helps solve problems

74
Q

what makes a good listener:

A

active in trying to understand what is going on, involved in nonverbal skills

75
Q

elements of active listening:

A

hearing, attending, understanding, responding, remembering

76
Q

hearing:

A

sound waves enter through the ear to the brain; passive ash

Professional communications (1 decks)

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