Midterm Flashcards
In the context of human development, the term plasticity refers to:
adaptive re-organization in life span
continuity and change
the resilience of poverty
interaction of biological and psychological systems
adaptive re-organization in life span
Individuals’ lives show \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ as they progress through time: similarities; assumptions differences; assimilation constancy; change expectancy; accidents
constancy; change
Human development is a product of the ____________:
biological system
psychological system
societal system
interaction of biological, psychological, and societal systems
interaction of biological, psychological and societal systems
When scientists develop a set of interrelated ideas to explain puzzling observations, they are doing which of the following?: testing a theory constructing a theory operationalizing a theory evaluating a theory
constructing a theory
Which of the following make up a theory?:
operational definitions, experiments, and statistical analyses
assumptions, definitions, and hypotheses
objectivity, observability, and repeatability
research design, sampling, and observation
assumptions, observability and repeatability
How are theories and scientific observations linked?:
theories indicate important areas for observation
scientific observations help confirm theories
scientific observations help revise theories
all of the above
all of the above
Which term refers to a logical system of general concepts that provides a framework for organizing and understanding observations?: a prediction an assumption a matrix a theory
a theory
How do theories help explain observations?: they rule out competing explanations they identify orderly relationships they are based on random sampling they bring about change
they identify orderly relationships
What is a characteristic of a “good” formal theory?:
it is logical and internally consistent
it is unrelated to previous research
it is focused on a relatively narrow, specific subject area
it includes contradictory statements that can be tested
it is logical and internally consistent
Theories are generally limited to explaining behaviors that fall within their \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: life stage range of applicability operational definitions statistical significance
range of applicability
Which of the following refers to the guiding premises underlying the logic of a theory?: assumptions testable hypotheses predictions statistical analyses
assumptions
A theory of human development is expected to provide explanations for which of the following?:
patterns of societal and economic change over time
patterns of psychological and social growth over the life span
conflicts between ethnic subcultures
causes of illness and health over the life span
patterns of psychological and social growth over a life span
Theories of development provide a framework for thinking about \_\_\_\_\_\_, that is, age-related characteristics of social, physical, emotional, and cognitive competence that can be expected when a person is highly motivated, physically healthy, and well-integrated into their social group: academic achievement life satisfaction optimal development contextual fit
optimal development
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means that responsiveness, whether at a neural or behavioral level, is shaped and narrowed as a result of repeated experiences: canalization classical conditioning behavioral reactivity resilience
canalization
A powerful aspect of context that influences development is culture. How does culture shape development?:
through the arts, technologies, religions, and governments of a people
through the organization of families and patterns of socialization
through its physical and symbolic tools, including language
all of the above
all of the above
Factors that increase vulnerability and disrupt optimal development are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: behavioral observations independent variables risk factors domains of emphasis
risk factors
The ability to anticipate threat, to adapt readily, and even become stronger or more competent under conditions that are otherwise known to disrupt or undermine functioning is referred to as\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: intervention qualitative change canalization resilience
resilience
Over the five years from her birth to age 5, Marla’s parents also got older and changed jobs. Her baby sister was born, and her grandmother died. This set of events has had an impact on Marla’s development. This situation illustrates which of the following challenges to the study of human development?:
change in the person is taking place in the context of a changing environment
cultures differ in their socialization practices
people are more alike than they are different
change is both qualitative and quantitative
change in the person is taking place in the context of a changing environment
Robert wants to be an airline pilot. He studies physics and engineering in college; takes flight instruction lessons; and checks into the qualifications for military programs for flight training. All of these efforts illustrate which idea about human development?:
people are most vulnerable when they reflect on their goals and aspire to an uncertain future
people are goal directed and can make choices that guide the direction of their own development
change is both qualitative and quantitative
responsiveness is shaped and narrowed as a result of repeated experiences
people are goal directed and can make choices that guide the direction of their own development
Thinking back to the case of Clark at the opening of the chapter, which type of theory would you choose to apply?:
one that focuses on the cognitive domain
one that focuses on emotions and self-regulation
one that addresses the behaviors of adults as well as children
all of the above
all of the above
In APA style, separate title page is required for a research paper or an essay.
True
False
true
When should et al. be used in APA style?
You Answered
It should be used when the work has more than 3 authors.
It should be used when the work has more than 6 authors.
If the work has more than two authors, both authors’ names should be used the first time; later, et al. can be used after the first author’s name.
Both A and B
both A & B
Which of the following is cited correctly in APA style?
H. M. Dietel and P. J. Dietel define pointers as “variables that contain as their values addresses of other variables” (1999, p. 294).
H. M. Dietel and P. J. Dietel (C How to Program) define pointers as “variables that contain as their values addresses of other variables” (p. 294).
H. M. Dietel and P. J. Dietel (1999) define pointers as “variables that contain as their values addresses of other variables” (p. 294).
No answer text provided.
C
In APA style, the first name of the author in a Reference list is spelled out. is not spelled out. No answer text provided. No answer text provided.
is not spelled out
How are entries ordered in a Reference list?
By title first, then author’s last name, and then by date of publication.
By author’s last name first, then date of publication, then title.
By date of publication first, then author’s last name, then by title.
No answer text provided.
by author’s last name first, then date of publication, then title
If an entry in a Reference list is longer than one line, second and all subsequent lines need to be indented half an inch.
True
False
true
Which of the following is the correct APA Reference list entry?
Reese, G. (2000). Database Programming with JDBC and Java. Beijing: O’Reilly Media
Reese, George. Database programming with JDBC and Java. Beijing: O’Reilly Media. 2000.
A
The Reference section should start on a separate page under the centered heading References, which does not use bold font. The reference entries should appear in alphabetical order by authors’ surname (or by title if works do not list an author) regardless of the type of source (e.g., book, film, journal article, website).
True
False
False - should be in bold
Choose the correct reference format for the following source that you retrieved from an online journal: .
Social Work and Research, 1995, Vol. 68(2), 127-137 SSN: 1948-CCX DOI:10.1037/swr/127 Students and the Problem of Entitlement . Jeffrey T. Swan Dennard Q. Rail Mary N. Bushcombe University of Georgia
Swan, J. T., Rail, D. Q., & Bushcombe, M. N. (1995). Students and the problem of entitlement. Social Work and Research, 68(2), 127-137.
J. T. Swan, D. Q. Rail, & M. N. Bushcombe. (1995). Students and the problem of entitlement. Social Work and Research, 68(2), 127-137. ISSN: 1948-CCX doi:10.1037/swr/127
Bushcombe, M. N., Rail, D. Q., & Swan, J. T. (1995). Students and the problem of entitlement. Social Work Research, 68(2), 127-137. doi:10.1037/swr/127
Swan, J. T., Rail, D. Q., & Bushcombe, M. N. (1995). Students and the problem of entitlement. Social Work and Research, 68(2), 127-137. doi:10.1037/swr/127
D
Which choice shows the correct format for the first use of the Jeffrey T. Swan, Dennard Q. Rail, Mary N. Bushcombe (1995) source with the following sentence: . Thus, students’ misplaced sense of entitlement interferes with classroom teaching and, ultimately, the quality of education and training that students receive.
…training that students receive. (Swan, Rail, & Bushcombe, 1995)
…training that students receive (Swan, Rail, & Bushcombe, 1995).
…training that students receive (Swan, Rail, and Bushcombe, 1995).
…training that students receive (Swan, Rail, & Bushcombe, 1993).
B
Which choice shows the correct format for the second parenthetical citation of the Jeffrey T. Swan, Dennard Q. Rail, Mary N. Bushcombe (1995) source in a later paragraph in paper, using the following sentence: .
In addition, the authors suggested that admissions officers should have frank discussions with applicants that clearly outline what the graduate program demands, expects, and requires of students.
…demands, expects, and requires of students (Swan, Rail, & Bushcombe, 1995).
…demands, expects, and requires of students [Swan, Rail, and Buschcombe, 1995].
…demands, expects, and requires of students (Swan, Rail & Bushcombe).
…demands, expects, and requires of students. (Swan et al, 1995)
..demands, expects, and requires of students (Swan et al., 1995)
E
Your list of sources should be labeled:
Bibliography
References
No answer text provided.
references
This type of study measures whether or not there is a relationship between variables. True Experiment Correlation Naturalistic Observation Survey
correlation
This type of study measures cause and effect: Experiment Correlation Naturalistic Observation All of the above.
experiment
This is the group that receives the experimental treatment, manipulation. The group exposed to the independent variable. Control group Experimental group Variable group Independent group
experimental group
This group is used to produce comparison, it is not exposed to the independent variable.
Control group
Experimental group
Variable group
Dependent group
control group
The variable that is measured in a study. The experimenter does not control this variable. The effect of the manipulation. Independent variable Dependent variable Control variable Research variable
dependent variable
These designs are used to examine behavior in the same infants and children over time cross-sectional longitudinal interrelational quasi length
longitudinal
These designs are used to examine behavior in participants of different ages who are tested at the same point in time.
cross-sectional
longitudinal
correlational
quasi length
cross-sectional
Which of the following best describes the process of adaptation in evolutionary theory?:
(a) the development of structures and problem-solving mechanisms that allow the species to survive in a specific environment
(b) the ability to attract a mate of equal or superior education and social class
(c) the motivation to ensure the reproductive success of those who share one’s genetic ancestry
(d) the willingness to share resources with those who are unable to contribute on their own
a
Which of the following terms focuses on describing the unique adaptive behaviors of specific species, such as mating, caregiving, play, and strategies for obtaining resources?: chemistry education ethology teratology
ethology
he continuation of a species depends on the capacity of its individual members to survive, mate, reproduce, and \_\_\_\_\_: rear their offspring have reflexes use spoken language express emotion
rear their offspring
Which of the following statements is considered a major implication of evolutionary theory related to the study of human development?:
the importance of similarities among all humans allows for the scientific study of continuity over time
factors that influence reproductive success of a group have implications for the survival of the species
the early years of childhood are most critical in shaping the structure of adult personality
the course of human development is shaped by entries into and exits from key life roles
factors that influence reproductive success of a group have implications for the survival of the species
According to evolutionary theory, the following mechanism accounts for species change from the beginning of life to the present: climate variability natural selection genetics
natural selection
The reason that natural selection can contribute to species change is that species exhibit \_\_\_\_: habits variability social behavior courting rituals
variability
Natural selection operates at the genetic level as a result of varying degrees of ____________ among the species:
reproductive success
ethology
maturity
defensive behavior
reproductive success
Because of its concern with reproductive success, evolutionary theory directs our attention to the study of which of the following aspects of human behavior?:
mating and reproductive behavior
parenting
growth and development from infancy up to reproductive age
all of these
all
