Midterm

Question 1

Fragment

Answer 1

The main clause lacks a subject so that the sentence is incomplete

Question 2

Comma Splice

Answer 2

Two independent clauses are joined with a mere comma when that need a semicolon or a conjunction + a comma.

Question 3

Fused Sentence

Answer 3

Two independent clauses run together without any punctuation, when they need either a semicolon or separation into two sentences.

Question 4

Run-on sentence

Answer 4

Two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction, without a comma

Question 5

Pronoun-antecedent agreement

Answer 5

Pronoun does not agree in number with its antecedent

Question 6

Subject-verb agreement

Answer 6

The subject does not agree in number with its verb

Question 7

Dangling modifier

Answer 7

A sentence fails to convey sense in reading because a participial phrase or other construction does not clearly modify the correct word

Question 8

Pronoun reference Fault

Answer 8

A pronoun fails to refer accurately to its antecedent

Question 9

Passive voice

Answer 9

Avoid writing in passive voice instead of active voice

Question 10

Expletives

Answer 10

Rely on expletives sparingly (There are, it is, these are)

Question 11

Montaigne

Answer 11

Wrote “Of cannibals,” “Apology for Raymond Sebond”
Etymology
Tentative, informal

Question 12

What is an essay?

Answer 12

A moderately brief prose discussion of a restricted topic

Question 13

Sir Francis Bacon

Answer 13

Wrote “Of Truth,” “Of Studies”
Concise, ultra-logical
Formal

Question 14

Types of essays

Answer 14

Formal and informal

Question 15

Formal Essay

Answer 15

Tightly unified, logical
Objective
Dignified tone, elevated style

Question 16

Informal Essay

Answer 16

Subjective, personal tone

Style more important than logic

Question 17

Addison and Steele

Answer 17

The Spectator (1709)
Massively influential
Easy tone, informal
Reformed morals of society

Question 18

Samuel Johnson

Answer 18

The Rambler (1751-52)
Highly formal, elevated syntax, diction

Question 19

George Orwell (1903-1950)

Answer 19

Orwell- pen name
English, born in india
Writer
Journalist
Socialist leanings
Novelist
"Animal Farm" (1945)
"Nineteen Eighty-Four" (1949)
Colonial experience
Served as a policeman under the Raj
"Burmese Days" (1934)
"Shooting an Elephant" (1936)

Question 20

Diction

Answer 20

word choice

Question 21

Reading, writing, thinking, and speaking are all ____.

Answer 21

Interconnected; if you improve one, you will improve the others.

Question 22

What is critical reading?

Answer 22

Analysis, synthesis, evaluation

Actively reading, not passively reading

Question 23

What are the four types of paragraphs?

Answer 23

Intro, concluding, main body paragraphs, transitional paragraphs

Question 24

Good paragraphs are what?

Answer 24

Mini essays

Question 25

What do good essays include?

Answer 25

Topic sentences, unity, development, and coherence

Question 26

Signs of paragraph errors

Answer 26

Lack of unity, development, and coherence

Question 27

What is a thesis statement?

Answer 27

The main, controlling idea of the essay

Question 28

Why is a thesis important?

Answer 28

Courtesy to the reader, allows you to stay focused

Question 29

Thesis errors include:

Answer 29

Being too broad or too narrow, being wishy-washy or off-track.

Question 30

What is an essay map?

Answer 30

A brief outline in the intro paragraph of the main points that you will discuss in support of your thesis

Question 31

Recipe for a good intro:

Answer 31

A grabber, a bridge, a thesis, and an essay map.