Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Fragment

A

The main clause lacks a subject so that the sentence is incomplete

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2
Q

Comma Splice

A

Two independent clauses are joined with a mere comma when that need a semicolon or a conjunction + a comma.

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3
Q

Fused Sentence

A

Two independent clauses run together without any punctuation, when they need either a semicolon or separation into two sentences.

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4
Q

Run-on sentence

A

Two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction, without a comma

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5
Q

Pronoun-antecedent agreement

A

Pronoun does not agree in number with its antecedent

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6
Q

Subject-verb agreement

A

The subject does not agree in number with its verb

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7
Q

Dangling modifier

A

A sentence fails to convey sense in reading because a participial phrase or other construction does not clearly modify the correct word

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8
Q

Pronoun reference Fault

A

A pronoun fails to refer accurately to its antecedent

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9
Q

Passive voice

A

Avoid writing in passive voice instead of active voice

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10
Q

Expletives

A

Rely on expletives sparingly (There are, it is, these are)

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11
Q

Montaigne

A

Wrote “Of cannibals,” “Apology for Raymond Sebond”
Etymology
Tentative, informal

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12
Q

What is an essay?

A

A moderately brief prose discussion of a restricted topic

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13
Q

Sir Francis Bacon

A

Wrote “Of Truth,” “Of Studies”
Concise, ultra-logical
Formal

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14
Q

Types of essays

A

Formal and informal

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15
Q

Formal Essay

A

Tightly unified, logical
Objective
Dignified tone, elevated style

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16
Q

Informal Essay

A

Subjective, personal tone

Style more important than logic

17
Q

Addison and Steele

A

The Spectator (1709)
Massively influential
Easy tone, informal
Reformed morals of society

18
Q

Samuel Johnson

A
The Rambler (1751-52)
Highly formal, elevated syntax, diction
19
Q

George Orwell (1903-1950)

A
Orwell- pen name
English, born in india
Writer
Journalist
Socialist leanings
Novelist
"Animal Farm" (1945)
"Nineteen Eighty-Four" (1949)
Colonial experience
Served as a policeman under the Raj
"Burmese Days" (1934)
"Shooting an Elephant" (1936)
20
Q

Diction

A

word choice

21
Q

Reading, writing, thinking, and speaking are all ____.

A

Interconnected; if you improve one, you will improve the others.

22
Q

What is critical reading?

A

Analysis, synthesis, evaluation

Actively reading, not passively reading

23
Q

What are the four types of paragraphs?

A

Intro, concluding, main body paragraphs, transitional paragraphs

24
Q

Good paragraphs are what?

A

Mini essays

25
What do good essays include?
Topic sentences, unity, development, and coherence
26
Signs of paragraph errors
Lack of unity, development, and coherence
27
What is a thesis statement?
The main, controlling idea of the essay
28
Why is a thesis important?
Courtesy to the reader, allows you to stay focused
29
Thesis errors include:
Being too broad or too narrow, being wishy-washy or off-track.
30
What is an essay map?
A brief outline in the intro paragraph of the main points that you will discuss in support of your thesis
31
Recipe for a good intro:
A grabber, a bridge, a thesis, and an essay map.