Midterm

Question 1

Definition of Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 1

Learning occurs in a social context in combination with interaction of person, context and environment.

Question 2

Major categories of SCT constructs (3)

Answer 2

Personal Cognitive factors, socioenvironmental factors and behavioral factors

Question 3

Constructs of personal cognitive factors in SCT

Answer 3

Self efficacy, collective efficacy, knowledge and outcome expectations

Question 4

Self efficacy definition and strategies

Answer 4

It is the confidence a person has to complete a behavior. Confidence can be increased through training, motivation, modeling and stress reduction.

Question 5

Outcome expectations, definition and strategies

Answer 5

It is the outcome one expects from performing or not, a behavior. It is a core construct and depends on physical outcome, social outcome and self evaluative outcomes.

Question 6

Knowledge, definition and strategies

Answer 6

It is the amount of knowledge about a behavior. It can be improved through education.

Question 7

Constructs of Socioenvironmental factors in SCT

Answer 7

Observational learning, normative beliefs, social support and opportunities and barriers.

Question 8

Observational learning, definition and strategies

Answer 8

Learning by observing others, accomplished by observing an influential person, mass media, performances or journalism.

Question 9

Normative beliefs, definition and strategies

Answer 9

Cultural norms and beliefs about the behavior. Discussions about perceptions vs actual data in regards to beliefs.

Question 10

Social support, definition and strategies

Answer 10

Support from a person’s social network. Provide informational, instrumental or emotional support for behavior change

Question 11

Barriers and opportunities, definition and strategies

Answer 11

Attributes that make it harder or easier to perform behavior. Facilitate behavior by increasing opportunities and remove impediments.

Question 12

Constructs of Behavioral Factors of SCT

Answer 12

Behavioral skills, intentions and reinforcement and punishments

Question 13

Behavioral skills, definition and strategies

Answer 13

Abilities needed to perform behavior, knowledge and skills come together to be behavioral capability.

Question 14

Intentions, definition and strategies

Answer 14

Goals of adding new behaviors or modifying existing behaviors. Setting goals, target dates, activities for skills and monitoring progress

Question 15

Reinforcement and Punishment, definition and strategies

Answer 15

Provision or removal of rewards or punishments. Can be tangible or social.

Question 16

TTM Definition

Answer 16

uses stages of change to integrate processes and principles of change across major theories of intervention, hence the term transtheoretical

Question 17

Stages of Change for TTM

Answer 17

Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance and Termination

Question 18

Precontemplation definition and strategies

Answer 18

No intention to take action in the next 6 months.

Question 19

Contemplation definition and strategies

Answer 19

Intend to change behavior in the next 6 months.

Question 20

Preparation definition and strategies

Answer 20

Intend to take action within the next 30 days and has taken some steps in that direction.

Question 21

Action definition and strategies

Answer 21

Changed overt behavior for less than 6 months

Question 22

Maintenance definition and strategies

Answer 22

Changed overt behavior for more than 6 months

Question 23

Termination definition and strategies

Answer 23

No temptation to relapse and 100% confidence.

Question 24

Decisional Balance

Answer 24

individuals weighing of the pros and cons of changing.

Question 25

Theory of Reasoned Action definition

Answer 25

A person's behavioral intention is affected by attitude, subjective norms and external factors.

Question 26

3 Main Groups for TRA

Answer 26

External variables, attitude and subjective norms

Question 27

External variable constructs in TRA

Answer 27

Demographics, personality, referent groups, attitudes towards targets, indirect effect on behavioral intentions

Question 28

Attitude constructs in TRA

Answer 28

Sum of their behavioral beliefs.

Question 29

Subjective Norms in TRA

Answer 29

One's awareness of expected behavior from different reference groups.

Question 30

Health Belief Model

Answer 30

Premise that people are more likely to engage in a health behavior if they believe in the constructs.

Question 31

Constructs of HBM

Answer 31

Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, cues to action and self efficacy.

Question 32

What construct is added to TPB

Answer 32

Adds perceived control over that behavior

Question 33

6 steps to a successful campaign

Answer 33

1. Build public health case 2. Do the polling 3. Build a broad based coalition, write resolutions 4. Use earned and paid media as much as possible. 5. Make policy an election year issue 6. Lobby the legislature

Question 34

Recognizing policy windows

Answer 34

Problem is being recognized as important, policy options are considered doable and reasonable and a policy leader is able to put the policy up for a vote.

Question 35

Definition of CBPR

Answer 35

An collaborative approach to research that involves all partners in the research process and recognizes the unique strengths that each brings.

Question 36

CBRP involves:

Answer 36

Colearning and transfer of expertise, shared decision making, mutual ownership of the processes and products of research

Question 37

Principles for community organizing

Answer 37

Planning based on historical understanding of the community. Because the issue is one of multiple causality

Question 38

Rothman's Model of Community Organization

Answer 38

Locality development Social Planning Social Action

Question 39

Locality Development

Answer 39

Getting together as a community to discuss their problems.

Question 40

Social Planning

Answer 40

Gain facts and decide on a course of action towards a problem.

Question 41

Social Action

Answer 41

Crystallize the issue so that people know who their enemy is.