Midterm Flashcards
Definition of Social Cognitive Theory
Learning occurs in a social context in combination with interaction of person, context and environment.
Major categories of SCT constructs (3)
Personal Cognitive factors, socioenvironmental factors and behavioral factors
Constructs of personal cognitive factors in SCT
Self efficacy, collective efficacy, knowledge and outcome expectations
Self efficacy definition and strategies
It is the confidence a person has to complete a behavior. Confidence can be increased through training, motivation, modeling and stress reduction.
Outcome expectations, definition and strategies
It is the outcome one expects from performing or not, a behavior. It is a core construct and depends on physical outcome, social outcome and self evaluative outcomes.
Knowledge, definition and strategies
It is the amount of knowledge about a behavior. It can be improved through education.
Constructs of Socioenvironmental factors in SCT
Observational learning, normative beliefs, social support and opportunities and barriers.
Observational learning, definition and strategies
Learning by observing others, accomplished by observing an influential person, mass media, performances or journalism.
Normative beliefs, definition and strategies
Cultural norms and beliefs about the behavior. Discussions about perceptions vs actual data in regards to beliefs.
Social support, definition and strategies
Support from a person’s social network. Provide informational, instrumental or emotional support for behavior change
Barriers and opportunities, definition and strategies
Attributes that make it harder or easier to perform behavior. Facilitate behavior by increasing opportunities and remove impediments.
Constructs of Behavioral Factors of SCT
Behavioral skills, intentions and reinforcement and punishments
Behavioral skills, definition and strategies
Abilities needed to perform behavior, knowledge and skills come together to be behavioral capability.
Intentions, definition and strategies
Goals of adding new behaviors or modifying existing behaviors. Setting goals, target dates, activities for skills and monitoring progress
Reinforcement and Punishment, definition and strategies
Provision or removal of rewards or punishments. Can be tangible or social.
TTM Definition
uses stages of change to integrate processes and principles of change across major theories of intervention, hence the term transtheoretical
Stages of Change for TTM
Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance and Termination
Precontemplation definition and strategies
No intention to take action in the next 6 months.
Contemplation definition and strategies
Intend to change behavior in the next 6 months.
Preparation definition and strategies
Intend to take action within the next 30 days and has taken some steps in that direction.
Action definition and strategies
Changed overt behavior for less than 6 months
Maintenance definition and strategies
Changed overt behavior for more than 6 months
Termination definition and strategies
No temptation to relapse and 100% confidence.
Decisional Balance
individuals weighing of the pros and cons of changing.
Theory of Reasoned Action definition
A person’s behavioral intention is affected by attitude, subjective norms and external factors.
3 Main Groups for TRA
External variables, attitude and subjective norms
External variable constructs in TRA
Demographics, personality, referent groups, attitudes towards targets, indirect effect on behavioral intentions
Attitude constructs in TRA
Sum of their behavioral beliefs.
Subjective Norms in TRA
One’s awareness of expected behavior from different reference groups.
Health Belief Model
Premise that people are more likely to engage in a health behavior if they believe in the constructs.
Constructs of HBM
Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, cues to action and self efficacy.
What construct is added to TPB
Adds perceived control over that behavior
6 steps to a successful campaign
- Build public health case
- Do the polling
- Build a broad based coalition, write resolutions
- Use earned and paid media as much as possible.
- Make policy an election year issue
- Lobby the legislature
Recognizing policy windows
Problem is being recognized as important, policy options are considered doable and reasonable and a policy leader is able to put the policy up for a vote.
Definition of CBPR
An collaborative approach to research that involves all partners in the research process and recognizes the unique strengths that each brings.
CBRP involves:
Colearning and transfer of expertise, shared decision making, mutual ownership of the processes and products of research
Principles for community organizing
Planning based on historical understanding of the community. Because the issue is one of multiple causality
Rothman’s Model of Community Organization
Locality development
Social Planning
Social Action
Locality Development
Getting together as a community to discuss their problems.
Social Planning
Gain facts and decide on a course of action towards a problem.
Social Action
Crystallize the issue so that people know who their enemy is.
