Midterm Flashcards
The first line of treatment for mastalgia, which is effective for 85 percent of women
who have mild or moderate symptoms, is:
Reassurance
Which of the following is an ethical issue that is specifically associated with pre-
implantation testing with ART?
Genetic engineering and the ability to reject embryos affected by
inherited disorders
What is the leading preventable cause of death across all populations in the United
States?
Tobacco
What treatment was introduced in the 1990s as a less invasive alternative to
hysterectomy?
Endometrial ablation
Which one of the following statements about the subdermal progestin implant is
false?
After removal, its contraceptive effects last 10 more months on
average.
A first-line recommended treatment for women with polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS) is:
Combined oral contraceptives
The genetic counselor has a significant role in the care of women because BRCA1
and BRCA2 genetic mutations account for 5 to 10 percent of all _______ cancer
cases.
Breast
What is the best definition of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)?
Uterine bleeding that is irregular in amount or frequency
Which organism causes 90% of vulvovaginal candidiasis episodes in women?
Candida albicans
Which of the following is considered primary prevention?
Targeted immunization
Which type of speculum is best used to examine nulliparous women?
Pederson
Many patients experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) meet the criteria for
diagnosing PTSD. Those criteria include all of the following except:
Hypovigilance
Among women age 55 years and older:
Breast masses are presumed malignant until proven otherwise.
Which factor bears most on women’s health care today?
Women’s status and position in society
Painful menstrual periods may be related to functional uterine contractions in
ovulatory women, which is known as:
Primary dysmenorrhea
What is the most common symptom of bacterial vaginosis?
Fishy odor
How can weight loss specifically control symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS)?
It decreases androgen levels.
Which type of counseling results in a statistically significant reduction in STIs?
Counseling delivered in multiple individual or group sessions totaling
more than 3 hours
Routine HPV vaccination is recommended for girls of what age?
11–12
What is the danger of giving estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to menopausal
women with an intact uterus?
A higher risk of endometrial cancer
The least variation in menses occurs between the ages of:
20-40
The ________ is probably the most widely used intimate partner violence (IPV) screen.
Three-question AAS (McFarlane et al., 1992)
Women who have had toxic shock syndrome should be instructed not to use tampons or:
Barrier contraception methods
What approach does Healthy People 2020 use to achieve its goals and objectives?
Social determinants of health
If a patient has not reported a sexual assault to law enforcement, all of the following clinician actions are important except:
Explaining that only some forced sexual contacts are reportable crimes
What is the major source of normal vaginal secretions?
Cervical mucosa
How is being overweight defined on the BMI table?
25–29.9
What procedure is used to evaluate abnormal Pap smears and genital tract lesions?
Colposcopy
Cyclic mastalgia:
Is caused by hormonal changes associated with menstruation
How many stages does the Tanner scale use to stage sexual maturity?
5
Why is it often more difficult to detect STIs in women than in men?
The anatomy of women’s genital tracts makes examination more difficult.
Gender is rooted in _____________ and shaped by _______________
Biology, environment and experience
The possibility of cancer is associated with mastalgia when the pain:
Is accompanied by skin changes or palpable abnormality
Why is adenomyosis frequently underdiagnosed?
It has similar symptoms to other pelvic pain conditions.
What is the current (2006) recommendation by the CDC regarding HIV testing?
Test all patients unless they explicitly decline to be tested.
What is the most common type of menstrual dysfunction related to hyperandrogenism?
Irregular bleeding
Which one of the following statements about the subdermal progestin implant is false?
After removal, its contraceptive effects last 10 more months on average.
What is the most common symptom of vulvovaginal candidiasis?
Vulvar pruritis
The most common sites of metastatic spread of invasive breast cancer include all of the following except:
Pituitary
Under what conditions is a rectovaginal examination most useful?
If the uterus is retroflexed or retroverted
The methods of abortion used in the United States—in order, with the most common method listed first—are:
Aspiration, medication, induction, surgical
Hyperandrogenism in reproductive-age women is most frequently associated with:
PCOS
There is no one legal definition of rape, which means:
Clinicians must learn their own state’s definitions and statutes.
In the GTPAL system for recording pregnancy history, the “T” stands for:
Term births
The second most commonly reported STI after chlamydia is:
Gonorrhea
The most widely accepted theory for the origin of endometriosis is that reverse flow of menses out of the fallopian tubes allows endometrial cells to enter the pelvis and become implanted on the pelvic organs, which is the:
Retrograde menstruation theory
What should be the clinician’s first objective after learning the chief reason the woman desires care?
To give the reason or problem a structural and chronological framework
Although barrier contraception methods are less effective in preventing pregnancy than more modern methods, interest in them is on the rise because they:
Can help protect against STIs, including HIV
What symptom is present in 80 to 90 percent of women with cervical cancer?
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Why do adolescents have the highest risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
They have decreased immunity to infectious organisms.
What is the screening recommendation by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for intimate partner violence (IPV)?
Routinely ask all women direct, specific questions about abuse. Refer to community-based services when identified.
Research has demonstrated that emergency contraception pills are approximately 74 percent effective when taken as long as:
120 hours after unprotected sexual intercourse
Which of the following is a preventive measure for vulvar cancer?
Not smoking
What had been a significant problem in medical research well into the 1990s?
The lack of representation of women in research trials
What has contributed to the decreased incidence of hepatitis B over the past 20 years?
The HBV vaccination
Most research studies on methods of contraception use the term efficacy to refer to:
The likelihood of pregnancy when a method is used exactly as prescribed
What is the USPSTF recommendation regarding firearms?
Remove from home, or store unloaded in locked compartments
Which of the following are screening tests for type 2 diabetes mellitus?
All of the above
The depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injection (Depo-Provera) is given at _______ week intervals.
12
Alcohol consumption is considered hazardous for a woman who has:
Either 7 or more drinks in one week or 3 per occasion
How is screening for the rubella immunity accomplished?
By obtaining a history of vaccination or by ordering serologic studies
Patients presenting for STI treatment should be screened for HIV:
At each visit
What is one of the most frequent reasons women visit their clinician?
Changes in menstruation
Which one of the following statements about intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is false?
Complications are more the result of trauma than psychological abuse.
The factors that enable women to enjoy and control their sexual and reproductive lives, including a physical and emotional state of well-being and the quality of sexual and other close relationships, make up a woman’s:
Sexual health
What is one of the side effects of hormonal contraceptives?
Reduction in ovarian cancer risk
Why do adolescents have the highest risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
They have decreased immunity to infectious organisms.
Gonadotropin hormone-releasing agonists are recommended for only short-term use to treat heavy bleeding due to:
Their many side effects, such as hot flashes
If a patient has not reported a sexual assault to law enforcement, all of the following clinician actions are important except:
Explaining that only some forced sexual contacts are reportable crimes
What is the most common STI in the United States?
Chlamydia
What is the screening recommendation by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for intimate partner violence (IPV)?
Routinely ask all women direct, specific questions about abuse. Refer to community-based services when identified.
What should be used for women whose hirsutism remains refractory after 6 months of combined oral contraceptive use?
Antiandrogens
How is screening for the rubella immunity accomplished?
By obtaining a history of vaccination or by ordering serologic studies
Which of the following is associated with increased risk of endometriosis?
Early menarche
The most common sites of metastatic spread of invasive breast cancer include all of the following except:
Pituitary
Routine HPV vaccination is recommended for girls of what age?
11-12
What is one of the side effects of hormonal contraceptives?
Reduction in ovarian cancer risk
What is the current recommendation by the CDC regarding HIV testing?
Test all patients unless they explicitly decline to be tested.
Where in the breast do most malignancies develop?
Upper outer quadrant
Which of the following should NOT be a part of taking a health history?
Counseling for tobacco use cessation
Which contraceptive methods have inherent failure rates?
All
Which cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological cancers?
Ovarian
What is the term for the absence of menses for 3 to 6 months in a woman who has previously menstruated and is not pregnant, breastfeeding, or menopausal?
Secondary amenorrhea
Which type of counseling results in a statistically significant reduction in STIs?
Counseling delivered in multiple individual or group sessions totaling more than 3 hours
What is the danger of giving estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to menopausal women with an intact uterus?
A higher risk of endometrial cancer
Which of the following is caused by an anaerobic one-celled protozoan that commonly lives in the vagina?
Trichomoniasis
Who should be screened regularly for STIs?
All sexually active women
In respect to an evidentiary examination:
The time frame within which it must take place depends on local standards.
Patients presenting for STI treatment should be screened for HIV:
At each visit
Which factor bears most on women’s health care today?
Women’s status and position in society
A risk factor that could lead to endometrial cancer is:
Late menopause
What term refers to the period from about 7 to 10 days before menstrual flow begins until the first or second day of menstrual flow?
Perimenstrual
What is generally the cause of Bartholin’s cyst?
Obstruction of a duct in Bartholin’s gland
The P in the mnemonic EMPOWER is meant to help the clinician remember to:
Provide information about domestic violence
What has contributed to the decreased incidence of hepatitis B over the past 20 years?
The HBV vaccination
Signs of endometrial or cervical cancer may present abnormal uterine bleeding, often as heavy, prolonged bleeding or:
Menometrorrhagia
How does topical application of eflornithine treat facial hirsutism?
It slows the rate of hair growth.
Which one of the following statements about intimate partner violence (IPV) is false?
It refers to a current or former spouse or dating partner of the opposite sex, not someone of the same sex.
The most common benign breast masses are:
Fibroadenomas and cysts
Why is acknowledging the oppression of women more difficult within Western societies?
Affluence and increased opportunities mask oppression.
Why do adolescents have the highest risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
They have decreased immunity to infectious organisms.
