midterm Flashcards
12 Bar Blues Form
blues song where 12-bar cycle is repeated ; most commonly 4/4 time
AB form
need to put info
backbeat
from drums in class, heavy accent on beats 2 and four in jazz/rock n roll
bar
segment of time corresponding to a specific number of beats in which each beat is represented by a particular note value
beat
basic unit of time, the rhythm listeners would tap their toes to
bridge
contrasting section that prepares for the return of the original material section
chord
any harmonic set of pitches consisting of multiple notes
chorus
part of song that recurs at intervals, usually following each versein
contrasting verse-chorus
songs that use different music for the verse and chorus
be my baby - the Ronettes
distortion
making the music sound more raw
distorting the clean sounds
form
structure of a musical composition or perofrmance
genre
-can genre have an absolute definition? it changes with time and has grey areas
instrumentation
list of instruments for which a composition is scored
introduction
intro into a song
metre
grouping of beats into a measure or bar
reverb
the persistence of sound after a sound is produced
like yelling in a large stairway or gym
rhythm
the organization of time in music
riff
a short repeated phrase in music, typically used as an introduction or refrain in a song
simple verse-chorus
the same musical patterns are used for bot verse and chorus
strophic form
strophic form can be written out as AAAA…
-no chorus but a refrain
tempo
speed of pace of a given piece
timbre
refers to the sound of a note or pitch
- not the highness or lowness of the pitch itself
- rough or weak or smooth
verse
part of a song
Elvis Presley
that’s all right
1954
early rnr with country pop and rock aspects
sun records big hit
chuck berry
Maybellene
1955
rnr figure
singer songwriter
crossover hit and he passed as a ‘white person’
Booker t and the MGs
green onions
1962
riff based dance music
reverb in the guitar
dick dale and the del-tones
misirlou
1962
instrumental surf music
super fast
wet sound-reverb
the ronnettes
be my baby
1963
contrasting verse-chorus form
percussion, backup vocals, string,
the beach boys
surfin usa
1963
Surf Music: black doo wop, white vocal groups, chuck berry, wall of sound
the beatles
please please me
1963
Beatlemania
the kingston trio
tom dooley
1958
start of folk revival
one of the biggest hits of the era
the rolling stones
little red rooster
1964
song writing credit given to stones
British Invasion
blues and blues rock
bad boy image vs beatles
bob dylan
like a rolling stone
1965
bob dylan, but ELECTRIC babbbyyy
6min song so its not pop (still played on radio)
4 long sections one verse and chorus per section
the byrds
mr. tambourine man
1965
Formed in LA in 1964
US & UK #1
brings together folk revival
Bob Dylan cover
simon and garfunkel
sound of silence
1964
original acoustic version
not a hit when first recorded
after Dylan and the Byrds success, the record company added other instruments without S&G’s knowledge and released it; became . a hit
the beatles
tomorrow never knows
1966
Beatlemania
the beach boys
good vibrations
1966
took at least 5 months to record
unusual sounds/instrument combinations (6 vocalists, fuzz bass, organ, upright bass, cello, etc.)
jefferson airplane
white rabbit
1967
Psychedelia
Elvis Presley (1950s only)
poor working class family: more exposure to black culture than upper white class
summer 1953 vanity recording at sun records
July 1954: Elvis gets callback from Marion Keisker
session takes of when Elvis plays old r&b tune
1955 Elvis’ manager Tom Parker gets him deal 35,000 for the contract from Sam Phillips and 5,000 for Elvis
two TV appearances in 1956: breakout year for Elvis nationally
international star 1956ish
1958-1960 inducted into the Army
Elvis helped establish rockabilly
Psychedila or psychedelic rock
scene becomes mainstream and hits a peak in the summer of 1967 aka “The Summer of Love”
in 1950s growing interest in psychedelic drugs
experimentation with sound
folk rock
‘meaningful’ lyrics with beat and electric instrumentation of rock
most songs were newly composed but not all
payola
record labels and distributors often paid radio DJs to play their records
major labels had federal government to investigate indie record label’s use of payola to get radio airplay
many DJs fired and radio stations formats changed
Alan Freed and Dick Clark
Freed didn’t admit fault, ending his career
Clark was cooperative and remained in music bizz
alan freed
Radio personality DJ in Cleveland, Ohio
one of first to play R&B records for white audience
r&b = rock n roll
pat boone
major star, well-known white cover artist
easy to sell to mainstream pop market
lead the 1950s cover phenomenon (white covers of black hits)
blues rock
simplicity and repetition; riff based
core instrumentation: electric guitars, electric bass, drums, vocals
blues-based harmonic structures
sam phillips
indie DJ; studio owner; producer
sun records opens 1952
brought Elvis into music
wanda jackson
one of only a few 1950s female rock and rollers
jimi hendrix
more than anyone else, he defined rock-based improvisation
new guitar sounds
psychedelic sounds
american bandstand
like the 1950s rock and roll radio shows but for TV
filmed in Philly, nationally syndicated as of 1957
Dick Clark is host
phil spector
Brill building philosophy of making high-quality pop
often worked on one song for months
demanded total control at sessions: recording and even releasing the record on his own label
two ideas:
the idea of the freelance and celebrity producer/producer as artist
wall of sound: many instruments in a small pace
sitar
Indian classical instrument
18-21 strings; 6-7 played, the rest are sympathetic (drone) strings
bo diddley
another influential blues-to-rock and roll figure
chess records
hyper-masculinity
bob dylan
Greenwich Village, NYC, 1961
quickly became a leader in music scene although his recording career was slow to take off
manager Albert Grossman
known for his songwriting abilities
had an electric phase
major music influence on the mid 1960s transformation from rock and roll to a style that would be called simply Rock
surf music
eclectic influences: black doo wop, white vocal groups,
cars, girls, surfing (1964)
distinct style of pop group vocal sound
the beatles
Formed in Liverpool as a skiffle band called the Quarry Men
early live experience and musical training
Beatlemania 1962-66
studio band: 67-68
the rolling stones
started as a blues cover named on July 1962
big in UK by late 1963, US late 1964
perhaps delayed because of their bad-boy mage (long hair, scruffy, rebellious)
skiffle
a movement of young musicians playing fast, enthusiastic versions of US folk songs
baroque pop
a rock subgenre that emerges in the early-to-mid 1960s
rock and classical instrumentation/arrangements (string, wind, brass)
harpsichord
eric clapton
part of the London blues scene from the early 1960s
member of The Yardbirds, but left the group when they recorded more pop-oriented material
guitar player
cream
deemed rock’s first ‘supergroup’
when they formed, all three were well-known musicians in their own right
Eric Clapton, Jack Bruce, Ginger Baker
