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Mythology and Folklore > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

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Mythology flashcards
1
Q

In a fairy tale, you will often find___________.

A) gods and supernatural creatures
B) something related to the number three
C) a legendary main character
D) a moral that is clearly stated at the end

A

something related to the number three

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2
Q

To caution someone about a dangerous situation, you might read a___________.

A) legend
B) morality tale
C) fable
D) fairy tale

A

morality tale

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3
Q

True or False: A morality tale is a type of folktale in which the moral is stated clearly at the end of the story.

A

False

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4
Q

True or False: Like myths, legends are narratives that tell the story of supernatural beings.

A

False

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5
Q

A myth that explains the spots on the moon is called a[n] ___________.

A) creation myth
B) nature myth
C) event myth
D) theogenic myth

A

nature myth

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6
Q

True or False: The origin of a myth is usually unknown.

A

True

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7
Q

Narratives that tell the story of a mortal person and his/her actions, and are passed down from generation to generation and eventually written, are called___________.

A) myths
B) legends
C) fables
D) morality tales

A

legends

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8
Q

The setting for myths is usually___________.

A) on top of Mount Olympus, in an age that is beyond time
B) Greece or Rome, during prehistoric times
C) a culturally important place, in an age that is beyond time
D) a culturally important place, during the written age

A

a culturally important place, in an age that is beyond time

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9
Q

True or False: The word “myth” comes from the Greek word mythos, which means “false.”

A

False

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10
Q

True or False: Legends are based on figures in history, so we know that they are true.

A

False

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11
Q

True of False: A fable is a type of folktale that clearly illustrates a moral, typically using a talking animal to do so.

A

True

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12
Q

The origin of which oral tradition is usually unknown?

A) myths
B) legends
C) folktales
D) All of these

A

All of these

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13
Q

True or False: One purpose of a myth is to explain the customs, beliefs, and traditions of an existing society.

A

True

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14
Q

Legends, folktales, fairy tales, and even proverbs and jokes make up the literary category of___________.

A) mythology
B) generational stories
C) folklore
D) ancient literature

A

folklore

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15
Q

One example of a legendary character is___________.

A) Daedalus
B) Pan Gu
C) Robin Hood
D) Zeus

A

Robin Hood

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16
Q

What purposes did myths serve to ancient peoples?

A

The purpose of a myth was to answer life’s most daunting questions, such as the creation of humanity and the earth.

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17
Q

How do creation myths differ from nature myths?

A

Creation myths “tell” the origin of the earth, while nature myths “tell” scientific anomalies that could not be uncovered at that time.

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18
Q

What types of works make up the literary genre of folklore?

A

Folktales, legends, and fairytales.

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of fables?

A

Fables usually describe morality with the head character being an animal.

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20
Q

How are folktales and fairy tales related?

A

A folktale is a category in which fairy tales lie in.

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21
Q

Early in this unit, you read the story of Daedalus and Icarus. There are at least two lessons to be learned from this myth. What might those be?

A

Listen to wisdom and don’t get distracted (in my opinion).

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22
Q

Which do you believe is more meaningful reading, mythology or folklore? Why do you think this is so?

A

I believe folklore is generally more wholesome because it explains good morals in an entertaining way, whilst mythology tries to compromise the Bible’s morals, which might confuse us.

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23
Q

We look to the past for stories of legendary figures. Future readers will one day be looking to our time for legendary figures as well. Who are some current-day figures who might be considered legendary figures in the future? What characteristics make them befitting of a legend?

A

I do not know any specific names, but veterans from WW2 have been accounted for by Stephen Ambrose and I’m sure they will be remembered with the memorable show “Band of Brothers.”

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24
Q

Suppose you were going to write a current-day morality tale. What are some of the dangerous situations or cultural taboos about which you might warn your reader?

A

Things like “texting and driving,” and “social media usage” would be excellent topics to focus on.

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25
Q

Why do you think that fairy tales always end with “happily ever after”?

A

It’s very interesting why this was chosen for this style of writing, but I believe it has something to do with the title. After all, if you put “fairy” in the name of a writing style it should be somewhat positive and uplifting.

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26
Q

Celtic women played an integral role in public life. They could__________.

A) serve as diplomats, mediators, and judges
B) choose the man they wished to marry
C) own and inherit property independent of their husbands
D) all of these

A

all of these

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27
Q

True or False: A Spartan woman’s life revolved around marriage and production of children.

A

False

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28
Q

True or False: In one Celtic myth, Macha, a warrior goddess, raced against the king’s horses and, while in pain from impending childbirth, won the race.

A

True

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29
Q

The Celtic warrior-queen Boudica led the British uprising against the Romans in the first century because__________.

A) the Roman soldiers took all of her dead husband’s property and property of other Iceni leaders
B) the Romans public stripped and beat her
C) Roman soldiers raped her daughters
D) all of these

A

all of these

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30
Q

The fate of male children born to the mythical Amazons included__________.

A) abandoned to die in the wilderness
B) being raised only until puberty by the C) Amazons
D) sent to their fathers to be raised
both A and C

A

both A and C

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31
Q

The mythological creatures that could transform themselves into ravens, swans, and wolves were __________.

A) Amazons
B) Celtic warrior-goddesses
C)Valkyries
D) none of these; mythological creatures could only take one form

A

Valkyries

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32
Q

The genre of art that depicts the actions of mythical Amazons is__________.

A) Amazonomachy
B) classic Romanticism
C) Celtic sculpture
D) none of these

A

Amazonomachy

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33
Q

True or False: Like many women in early cultures, Viking women were considered the property of their husband.

A

False

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34
Q

Freya, queen of the Valkyries, often comforted those who were dying and helped ease their passing into Valhalla. What is Valhalla?

A) the Norse word for purgatory
B) the Norse hall that houses the souls of those who died in battle
C) the kingdom of soldiers who were injured in battle
D) the realm belonging to the Norse god of war, Odin

A

the Norse hall that houses the souls of those who died in battle

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35
Q

True or False: One explanation for the Aurora Borealis, or Northern Lights, is the mourning cry of the Valkyries over the dead on the battlefield.

A

False

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36
Q

Morrigan often took the form of a__________.

A) fox
B) waterfall
C) soldier
D) crow or raven

A

crow or raven

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37
Q

A tribe of women warriors who were rumored to have had their right breast amputated so that they could more easily throw a spear or wield a bow were__________.

A) Valkyries
B) Celtic goddesses
C) Boudica
D) Amazons

A

Amazons

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38
Q

Valkyries were daughters of the Norse god Odin, and their purpose was to__________.

A) fly over battlefields and choose the souls of the dead to carry to heaven
B) determine where battles would occur
C) select men without fear for warrior-goddesses to marry
D) none of these

A

fly over battlefields and choose the souls of the dead to carry to heaven

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39
Q

True or False: The Dahomey Amazons were encouraged to marry and have children, as the resulting protective instincts would make them even more fierce.

A

False

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40
Q

A literary archetype who protects and defends against all enemies is called a(n)__________.

A) Valkyrie
B) goddess
C) warrior
D) Amazon

A

warrior

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41
Q

What are the characteristics of women warriors in mythology and folklore?

A

They fight for their beliefs and rights, never give up, and are not merciful.

42
Q

How did the mythical Amazons demonstrate their hatred of men?

A

If they participated in sex with a male and the child turned out to be male, they would either kill it, let the father care for it, or abandon it.

43
Q

In Celtic mythology, what was the purpose of the warrior-goddess Morrigan?

A

She is able to determine the future, often in war-like situations.

44
Q

What was the role of Valkyries in Norse mythology?

A

Their role was to obtain the souls of the most valiant soldiers in war that died.

45
Q

The strength and fierce attributes of warrior women in mythology and folklore had an effect on the societies of the ancient Greeks, Norse, and Celts. In fact, Viking women (the historical counterparts of the Norse mythological figures) were even allowed to divorce their husbands under certain circumstances. What were these circumstances?

A

If she was abused by him, verbally or physically, or if he offended the family in any way.

46
Q

Early in the unit, you learned that women warriors are always on the side of good. Do you believe that a woman warrior could be on the side of evil?

A

Justify your answer. No, but I do believe some parts about them are wrong. Raising a family should be between a husband and wife, not one or the other. Other than this, everything seems to be for good intentions.

47
Q

How were the Celtic warrior-goddesses Macha, Morrigan, and Badb similar to the Valkyries in Norse mythology? How were they different?

A

They both participated in war-like activities, Celtic warrior-goddesses curse whilst Valkyries bless. They both participate in marriage.

48
Q

Boudica, queen of the Iceni tribe in ancient Britain, led a rebellion against the Romans who occupied Britain during this time period. What were the reasons that caused her and the Britons to rebel? Cite a similar, more contemporary example of such a rebellion. How are those events alike? How are they different?

A

There are many examples, but one such is the French and Indian War. The only difference was that no one was raped in this war, but only in the ancient rebellion.

49
Q

In Celtic mythology, one story involves Macha, who was pregnant at the time she outraced the king’s horses on a wager. In Norse history, Freydis Eiriksdottir was pregnant at the time that she single-handedly turned back the natives of Vinland, who were at war with the Norse. Why do you think that pregnancy of these warrior women figures so prominently in mythology and folklore, as well as historical stories?

A

I believe pregnancy was not desired among these women, so noting it was important to show the full effect of the story.

50
Q

Spartan women benefited a great deal from the story of the warrior woman in mythology, folklore, and history. In fact, unlike women in Athens, Spartan women were taught to read and write. How do you think this empowered women at that time?

A

I believe it was too far going to extremes such as lowering men’s standards along with this, but I think this should mostly be what a women’s rights should have.

51
Q

True or False: Christopher Volger identified twelve distinct stages a hero goes through during his journey.

A

False

52
Q

The _______________ marks the beginning of the hero’s journey.

A) Meeting with the Mentor
B) Crossing of the Threshold
C) Call to Adventure
D) Ordeal

A

Crossing of the Threshold

53
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of the human psyche?

A) It influences thoughts
B) It affects behavior
C) It impacts personality
D) There is little similarity between cultures

A

There is little similarity between cultures

54
Q

Which of the following heroes did NOT have to perform a specific task only he could accomplish?

A) Siegfried
B) Odysseus
C) Ramayana
D) Arthur

A

Odysseus

55
Q

_______ archetype poses as an ally.

A) The Trickster
B) The Shadow
C) The Mentor
D) The Shapeshifter

A

The Shapeshifter

56
Q

A poem or song that tells the story of a hero’s adventure is called a(n) ____?

A) Folk Tale
B) Legend
C) Epic
D) Saga

A

Epic

57
Q

True or False: Legends are simpler than folk tales and more regional in nature.

A

False

58
Q

True or False: Archetypes change according to the culture the hero story originated in, but the hero’s weapons, magic, and religious beliefs are usually the same in all cultures.

A

False

59
Q

True or False: Hero tales can be found in every large culture, but are rarely found in smaller ones.

A

False

60
Q

True or False: Hero myths are always purely based on fiction.

A

False

61
Q

True or False: Heroes often resist their initial call due to their own insecurities or because they do not want to leave their familiar surroundings in search of the unknown.

A

True

62
Q

Which of the following heroes was raised by a guardian for his own safety?

A) Cuchulainn
B) Paul Bunyan
C) Buddha
D) King Arthur

A

King Arthur

63
Q

Which of the following archetypes is often portrayed as an animal?

A) The Mentor
B) The Trickster
C) The Hero
D) The Villain

A

The Trickster

64
Q

True or False: Psychiatrist Carl Jung believed humans possess a universal collective unconscious that is revealed in the similarities seen in world myths.

A

True

65
Q

Which of the following heroes was conceived by a drop of buffalo blood?

A) Prometheus
B) Odin
C) Buddha
D) Kutoyis

A

Kutoyis

66
Q

What are three of the universal characteristics of a hero based on what you have learned in this unit?

A

Born when evil is highest, related to a god, a demigod.

67
Q

What are the four main ways that hero stories are presented in literature?

A

Epic, legend, saga, or folktale.

68
Q

What are the seven hero archetypes? Explain the purpose of one in detail.

A

Hero, Mentor, Threshold Guardian, Herald, Shapeshifter, Shadow, and Trickster. The trickster tries to get in the way of the hero and set them farther back. It is usually an animal. An example would be Shelob in Lord of the Rings.

69
Q

What are the twelve parts of the heroic journey? Explain the significance of one of them in detail.

A

Ordinary World, Call to Adventure, Refusal of the Call, Meeting with the Mentor, Crossing the Threshold; Tests, Allies, Enemies; Approach to the inmost Cave, Ordeal, Reward, The Road Back, Resurrection, and Return with the Elixir. Ordinary World is the hero’s home, where he feels safe and his character is explained. His journey starts here and ends here. An example would be Frodo Baggins living in the shire.

70
Q

Explain why heroes are so important to understanding the universal psyche of humans.

A

The influence of heroes on our culture helps us not only be better as people, but gives us a sense of hope.

71
Q

Do you believe most people who become heroes are destined to become heroes, or do you believe anyone can become a hero? Why?

A

I believe in destiny from God. God plans our lives, and if he chooses us to be heroes, then we will be heroes. It might not be known to us at the time, though. But I do believe anyone can become a hero if they truly attempted to do so.

72
Q

A hero’s journey is often a search for something of great importance. It may be an ideal, a question that must be answered, or an item of great importance. Often the heroes neglect all else until they have found it. How do people’s individual journeys through life mirror this same search?

A

What do you seek that is important? If we are following a Christian lifestyle, we are always seeking God, and although we are keeping up with life, our main goal in the end is God. The same could be said for a non-Christian lifestyle but in an evil way. What we are seeking, whether pleasure or the pain of another person, will be our main focus, and we will not give up until we are satisfied. I seek things that are evil, like popularity and fame. But also, I try to help others and be a good friend, even though I am not always doing this.

73
Q

In our society, people often gain hero status based on their accomplishments rather than on their character. People are often looked up to because they are rich or famous, or because they are good singers or athletes. Do you think these people deserve to be labeled heroes?

A

If they have truly worked for their passions, and their hard work has paid off, then maybe they should be a hero for someone, or in better words, a role model. But, if they are people who have bought their way into fame, cheated for it, or happened to stumble across it, then we should simply accept it and move on, and not call them heroes.

74
Q

The heroes of myths and legend often must face threshold guardians in order to advance on their journey. How does this parallel real life? What are some threshold guardians you have had to face to advance on your journey?

A

There are many challenges in life that are similar, if not exactly fit the definition of a threshold guardian. Things like bullies, annoying siblings, abusive parents, and even an unreasonable boss can all act as threshold guardians in life. I have dealt with bullies and annoying siblings many times in my life.

75
Q

The shapeshifter and the villain are both trying to stop or even kill the hero and prevent him from carrying out his destiny. Which do you think is more harmful to the hero’s journey? Why?

A

I believe the villain is more harmful, since he has more of a passion to take down the hero, and he is more deep-rooted. As for the shapeshifter, they only want to chastise the hero and cause trouble.

76
Q

Shape shifters always have evil intentions towards humankind.

A

False

77
Q

Which animal often symbolizes death in myths and legends?

A) Raven.
B) Bee.
C) Snakes.
D) Bats.

A

Raven.

78
Q

What is the name of the literary element used to give human attributes to animals?

A) Personification
B) Onomatopoeia
C) Metaphors
D) Similes

A

Personification

79
Q

What does a totem represent?

A) A clan’s ancestry
B) A person’s spirit animal
C) The origin of humankind
D) Important stories of the tribe

A

A clan’s ancestry

80
Q

True or False: Myths in which creation begins with an animal bringing mud up from the bottom of the ocean are called earth-diver tales.

A

True

81
Q

Which animal character is classified as a “trickster”?

A) Brer Fox from Brer Rabbit
B) Mowgli from the Jungle Book
C) Ananse the Spider
D) The Indian deity Ganesh

A

Ananse the Spider

82
Q

True or False: The following idiom is an example of personification: ‘Sly as a fox’.

A

True

83
Q

Which of the following is an example of a Cryptic?

A) Unicorn
B) Yeti
C) Wild Dog
D) Tyrannosaurus Rex

A

Yeti

84
Q

True or False: The mighty twins Romulus and Remus were raised by a she-bear.

A

False

85
Q

Paul Bunyan’s ox and Odin’s wolves are examples of what type of companion?

A) Faithful
B) Dualistic
C) Trickster
D) Adoptive mother

A

Faithful

86
Q

True or False: Bats can represent both good luck and revenge depending on the cultures myths.

A

True

87
Q

True or False: Lord Vishnu, of Indian myth, slept in the coils of the great Rainbow Serpent before forming the earth.

A

False

88
Q

True or False: Animals play many different parts in myths and legends.

A

True

89
Q

Which of the following is an example of a ‘friendly’ shapeshifter?

A) Werewolf
B) Skin-walker
C) Selkie
D) Kitsune

A

Selkie

90
Q

In which of these stories does a mother care for her human son in the form of a deer?

A) Paris
B) Romulus
C) Oisin
D) Octavian

A

Oisin

91
Q

What key roles do animals play in legends and mythology? Choose one to describe in detail.

A

The antagonist is one role that animals play in legends and mythology. It’s goal is to antagonize the main character until it is eventually defeated. Some examples from Harry Potter include the dragon

92
Q

Discuss one creation story where an animal plays an important role. Make sure to tell where it originated.

A

Originating in Hindu culture, the god Brahma was woken by a snake to make the world.

93
Q

How are animals personified in myths and legends? What is one example of the symbolic nature of animals as portrayed in myths and legends?

A

Animals take on human characteristics, such as oral communication, morality, and complex reasoning. Usually these are found in stories like Aesop’s fables.

94
Q

What are the three ways shapeshifters transform?

A

They can either transform voluntarily, as in transforming themselves, or involuntarily, as in someone cursing them or being a werewolf.

95
Q

How is a cryptid a modern day animal legend?

A

A cryptid is also known as bigfoot, which is a modern day animal legend.

96
Q

Animals are woven into all of humankind’s myths and legends? Why?

A

Animals play an important role in nature and life, which if not reflected on in myths and legends they would be missing a huge chunk of reality.

97
Q

In myths and legends a monster must be defeated if a person is to continue on their journey or keep their life. How does this symbolize the obstacles people face in real life? Have you ever had an obstacle between you and your dreams?

A

People must accomplish things to get further towards their goal in life. Most of the time it isn’t as action packed as myths and legends, but it’s the general concept that matters most. Bullies have been in the way for me accomplishing friendships and a healthy reputation.

98
Q

The werewolf myth can be found in various forms in almost every culture even those that had no contact with one another. Why do you think this shapeshifting myth is so common?

A

It could be used as an “angry form” for some people or a “flight or fight” for another. The werewolf myth could show the helplessness of a character as they are forced to painfully transform into another being.

99
Q

Many myths and legends involve animals. How do these myths help us infer which animals were important to those societies? What animals would you expect to find in local myths and legends?

A

It displays the uniqueness of each society and separates them from everyone else. I believe any animal could be represented here, but one in specific would be a Robin.

100
Q

Almost every culture has a cryptid. Why do you think the idea of an animal existing that is outside the realm of known science is so intriguing?

A

Some people believe that science is the limit, so to have an animal that breaks the window of science is extremely astonishing to those people. But since I believe in God and He is beyond science, I have no issue believing in things that break the boundaries of science.

Mythology and Folklore (7 decks)

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