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ATM 124 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Random error analysis equation

A

Know

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2
Q

1st / 2nd order response

A

Think motion on a line vs oscillation

1st order is Mercury thermometer

2nd order is wind vane (because oscillation and damping)

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3
Q

NIST

A

National Institute of Standards and Technology

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4
Q

NWS

A

National Weather Service

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5
Q

NOAA

A

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

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6
Q

BIPM

A

Bureau International des Poids et Mesures

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7
Q

SI

A

Systeme International

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8
Q

NEXRAD

A

Next Generation Radar

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9
Q

IRT

A

Infrared Thermometer

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10
Q

PRT

A

Platinum Resistance Thermometer

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11
Q

RTD

A

Resistance Temperature Device

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12
Q

GOES

A

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

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13
Q

POES

A

Polar Operational Environmental Satellite

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14
Q

ARB

A

Air Resource Board (or CARB for California)

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15
Q

DWR

A

Department of Water Resources

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16
Q

CIMIS

A

California Irrigation Management Information System

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17
Q

Basic Electricity Equations:

  • resistance in series
  • resistance in parallel
  • voltage divider
A

in series: add resistances
in parallel: R_total = (1) / [1/R_1 + 1/R_2 + … + 1/R_n ]

loop rule

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18
Q

Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

T_F = (9/5)T_C + 32

19
Q

Convert miles to kilometers

A

1 mile = 1.609 km

20
Q

Convert pounds to kilograms

A

1 kg = 2.205 lbs

21
Q

Kurtosis

A

In a distribution…

low kurtosis: small “tails” = few outliers

high kurtosis: large “tails” = lots of outliers

22
Q

Skewness

A

negative skew = “skewed left” = long tail on the left

positive skew = “skewed right” = long tail on the right

23
Q

primary standards, secondary standards, tertiary…

A

primary: taken as true value
secondary: calibrated against primary
tertiary: …

24
Q

input

A

actual variable (i.e. atmospheric conditions) and standards (to calibrate instrument)

25
Q

output

A

observable variable that can be “tranduced” measured then converted to the desired quantity, (i.e. length converted to temperature)

26
Q

repeatability

A

instrument gives same value for same standards

27
Q

resolution

A

smallest detectable change in variable

28
Q

drift v. stability

A

stable: low drift from calibration over time
drift: speed in which instrument slips from calibration over time

29
Q

hysteresis

A

whether previous recorded values affect future measurements (e.g. humidity sensor which retains moisture)

30
Q

linearity

A

between input and output variables:

need only to measure and calibrate at 2 values to get relationship equation

31
Q

threshold

A

e.g. wind speed propellor anemometer which wont spin (overcome static friction) until a certain threshold is met
…could also reach maximum above which propellor couldnt spin faster

32
Q

durability

A

is it operational under less than ideal conditions

33
Q

time constant

A

period in which instrument reacts to fluctuation to within 37% of new value

34
Q

NCAR

A

National enter for atmospheric research

35
Q

NPL

A

National Physics Laboratory

UK euivalent to NIST

36
Q

IRGA

A

Infrared gas analyzer

37
Q

ITS-90

A

International temperature scale 1990

38
Q

IPTS-68

A

International Practical Temperature Scale 1968

39
Q

Thermocouple principles

A

Seebeck: voltage gradient proportional to temp gradient

Peltier Effect: current through dissimilar metals creates HEAT

40
Q

Thermistors

A

Semiconductors: resistance temperature devices

  • resistance decreases with temperature
  • band gap

Conductors: resistance increases with temp

41
Q

Thermal radiometers

A

Radiation heats sensor: Temperature difference between (heavy) base (reference) and sensor is measured.

Semiconductors: radiation in photon causes electrons to jump band gap

42
Q

Time response equation

A

(T_inf - T(t)) / (T_inf - T_initial) = exp(-t/Tau)

43
Q

Error propogation (Systematic)

A

Systematic:

Total Error F (delta F) =

= (partial F w.r.t. measurment 1)(error in 1) +
(partial F w.r.t. measurment 2)(error in 2) +…

44
Q

Error propogation (random)

A

(Random error of F (sigma F)) =

= sqrt( (partial F w.r.t. var 1 × random error in var 1 )’2 + …….)

ATM 124 (1 decks)

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