midterm

Question 1

Bogardus social distance

Answer 1

technique determining the willingness of people to participate in social relations with other people

Question 2

Thurstone scale

Answer 2

composite measure constructed with weights by judges

Question 3

Likert Scale

Answer 3

standardize response categories

Question 4

typology

Answer 4

classify observations in terms of their attributes on 2+ variables

Question 5

snowball sampling

Answer 5

people ask/ suggest additional personel

Question 6

purposive sampling

Answer 6

selective/judgemental sampling

Question 7

confidence interval

Answer 7

range of values defined by confidence level within a population parameter is estimated to fall

Question 8

sampling interval

Answer 8

pop size/ sample size

Question 9

sampling ratio

Answer 9

sample size/ population size

Question 10

stratified sampling

Answer 10

pop cut into subgroups called strata then sample selected from each strata

Question 11

cluster sampling

Answer 11

pop divided into clusters and random sampling from selected clusters

Question 12

internal invalidity

Answer 12

conclusions from a study may not accurately reflect the experiment

Question 13

external invalidity

Answer 13

conclusions may not reflect the real world

Question 14

feminist paradigms

Answer 14

gender differences and how they relate to social organizations: oppression, social limitation

Question 15

symbolic interactionism

Answer 15

micro parts of society, interactions revolve around individual reaching common understanding through language and other symbolic systems

Question 16

structural functionalism

Answer 16

looking at situations like organisms made of parts, each part contributing to the whole

Question 17

macro theory

Answer 17

studying the big picture (nations, economies, institutions)

Question 18

meso theory

Answer 18

studying groups, organizations, communities

Question 19

micro theory

Answer 19

studying social life on an individual level

Question 20

panel study

Answer 20

data from the same people at different points in time

Question 21

cohort study

Answer 21

a subpopulation studied over time

Question 22

trend study

Answer 22

given characteristics studied over a period of time

Question 23

cross-sectional study

Answer 23

analyze data from population and subset of a certain point in time

Question 24

reductionism

Answer 24

phenomena can be described in terms of simpler fundamentals

Question 25

ecological fallacy

Answer 25

basing conclusions about individuals based on inferences about the group

Question 26

necessary causes

Answer 26

a condition that must be present for the effect

Question 27

sufficient causes

Answer 27

if present guarantees effect

Question 28

spurious relationship

Answer 28

a coincidental statistical correlation between variables shown to be caused by some 3rd variable

Question 29

idiographic reasoning

Answer 29

exhaust all reasoning/ causes of particular condition/event

Question 30

nomothetic reasoning

Answer 30

identify a few factors, that impact a class of conditions

Question 31

pre-modern view

Answer 31

take things as you see it

Question 32

modern view

Answer 32

rational thinking with logic and science used to observe the world

Question 33

postmodern view

Answer 33

no neutral observers exist, logic and science does not answer everything