Midterm Flashcards
What is hypertrichosis
hypertrichosis
Is an excessive growth of terminal hair (coarse) in areas of the body that normally grow only vellus (fine fuzz) hair (lower back, eyelids, abdomen)
what is the cause of hypertrichosis
-genetically and ethnically inherited, or due to puberty, pregnancy, menopause, certain medical procedures and treatments(e.g. cancer) or ***reactions to certain medications (e.g. steroids)
> It is NOT stimulated by male androgens
Types of hair
Vellus- fine fuzz, develops during childhood
Terminal- coarse, androgens turn vellus hair into terminal during puberty, they surround the root of the hair
Lanugo- on new borns, the first hair to be produced by the follicles, up to 5 months, unpigmented
what are some medications that can cause hypertrichosis
Clomid: usedto treat infertility in women, darkening of vellus hair or will get terminal
Cortisone: steroid- lose or gain hair
Dilantin: anti-epileptic drug- excessive hair side effect
Loestrin: Birth control
Rogaine: used to treat hair loss, prescribed if you want hair to come back, can cause hair growth anywhere its applied must be cautious
Proglycem: usedto treat low blood sugar
Provera: usedto treat hormonal imbalance
what auto-immune diseases leads to hair loss
Alopecia- hair loss common in men, usually from sudden trauma/stress, or could be a deficiency or hereditary
Also LUPUS - disease attacks organs as if they are foreign , skin inflammation will lead to hair thinning out and hair loss
what is hirsutism (4 pts)
excessive body hair in men and women on parts of the body where hair is normally absent or minimal, such as on the chin, chest, face or body.
Caused by excessive male androgens in the blood
A hormone imbalance which may be caused by stimulation of male androgens at puberty, medications, illness, stress, menopause
Excessive hair growth on female face and body may be attributed to hormonal imbalances, and excessive androgen production secreted from the ovaries or adrenal glands.
Medications that can cause hirsutism
Anabolic steroids: Synthetic steroids to build muscles
Brevicon: Birth control
Ciclosporin: immunosuppressant medication
Restasis: immunosuppressant usedto treat chronic dry eye.
Danazol: endometriosis
Prednisone: anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant medication
Provera: female hormone progesterone
Premarin: used for menopause
Tagamet: used to treat ulcers
Tamoxin: breast cancer patients
difference between disease, disorder, and syndrome
Disease- conditions caused by viruses and bacteria, with a series of signs and symptoms.
Disorder- Is an abnormality of function, like a birth defect or genetically inherited malfunction. Not contagious, bodily traits.
Syndrome- is a group of symptoms that ,when combined, characterize a disease or disorder.
what is acromegaly
and Cushing syndrome
**Diseases causing hair growth
Medical conditions related to excessive androgen production that affect hair growth are acromegaly (over production of growth hormone)
and Cushing syndrome (caused by a pituitary tumor leading to excessive production of hormone)
Adrenogenital syndrome
**Disorder affecting hair growth
a malfunction of the adrenal cortex that causes an overproduction of androgens (male hormones)
Syndromes affecting hair growth
- *polycystic ovarian syndrome
- *Achard-Thiers syndrome
The most prevalent syndrome relating to hair growth is **polycystic ovarian syndrome. An individual with this syndrome would present with hirsutism, irregular menses, ovarian cysts and obesity.
Achard-Thiers syndrome, which is a combination of Cushing and adrenogenital syndromes.
what are some *skin condition contraindications to performing a waxing service
~Varicose veins
~Unusually pronounced moles or warts
~Cuts, abrasions (scrape), wounds, open sores
~Active Herpes
~Acne, cysts, boils
~Skin diseases or disorders
~Sunburn, Rashes
what are some *health condition contraindications to performing a waxing service
~Diabetes (impair healing process) -can use hard wax
~Poor Circulation
~Chemotherapy/radiation treatments (Skin is fragile)
~High blood pressure
~Low pain threshold
~Lupus (Lupus is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system is impaired or begins to fight against itself. Symptoms may include skin rashes.
Oral or topical medications that can be contraindications
~Accutane (oral medication primarily used to treat severe acne).
~Antibiotics (Oral medication) skin can become more sensitive, dry, and reactive.
~Cortisone crèmes (topical medication used to treat a variety of skin conditions. e.g., insect bites, poison oak/ivy, eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash)
~Retin A/Renova (topical medication used for the treatment of acne, & antiaging)
~AHA’s (alpha hydroxy acids) derived from natural substances such as sugar cane,milk, and grapes.A group of natural and synthetic ingredients that, when properly formulated, can exfoliate the uppermost layers of skin. TOPICAL.
~BHA’s (beta hydroxy acid)refers specifically to salicylic acid, which is used in some anti-aging creams and acne treatments. TOPICAL.
~Chemical peels (used to improve and smooth the texture of the skin. Facial skin is mostly treated, and scarring can be improved. Chemical peels are intended to remove the outermost layers of the skin.) TOPICAL.
The stages that a patient must go through to complete gender reassignment from Male to
Female
- Emotional and psychological counseling
- Hormone replacement therapy(HRT): Patient undergoes laser treatment or electrolysis to the face and other body areas, more dramatic shaping of eyebrows with either tweezing, waxing or electrolysis; more dramatic facial peels.
- Reassignment surgeries: Phase 3. Three main types> 1)Facial feminization surgery,
Breast augmentation. 2)genital surgery; and 3) voice feminization surgery, in which adjustments are made to vocal cords.
what is TRICHOLOGY
study of the hair
Depilation
main ingredient of chemical depilatories
removing the hair shaft
ex. Shaving and chemical depilatories that dissolve hair at surface level
**Thioglycolic acid
Epilation
removal of the entire hair shaft and is the most effective method for temporarily removing hair.
Epilation includes waxing, threading, sugaring, tweezing and using abrasives or mechanical devices.
what is threading
ancient method widely used in the Middle East
- uses 100% cotton thread that is twisted and rolled across the surface of the skin, entwining the hair and lifting it from the follicle
- results 3-8 weeks
what is sugaring
Originated in Egypt; ~Paste made primarily of sugar, lemon juice, and water, heated to form syrup.
~Rolling motion technique, adheres to the hair not the skin.
~Can be used on all areas of the face and body. Alternative for those who have sensitive skin or react to waxing with bumps and redness.
~Generally lasts 3-6 wks
how does Permanent hair removal work
Permanent hair removal techniques are designed to damage the papilla of the hair, inhibiting the hair’s ability to grow back.
what is Electrolysis for permanent hair removal
Electrolysis- insert of a small needle into each hair follicle, needle conducts a short-wave electric or Galvanic Current that destroys the papilla
Electrolysis should not be performed on any hair that grows from a mole.
Electrolysis should not be performed on any client who is pregnant, has heart condition, or diabetes.
what is laser hair removal
how does it work
what clients arernt good candidates for this and why
Laser hair removal - use wavelengths of light to penetrate and diminish or destroy hair bulbs.
The hair absorbs the light and transforms it into heat energy, which destroys the hair bulb.
Laser can treat hundreds of hair follicles at the same time.
Laser works best in the anagen stage, or growth stage.
Certain clients are not good candidates for this type of hair removal procedure, including those with dark skin, white or grey hair. The concept behind the laser hair removal is that different wave-lengths of laser pinpoints the pigment (melanin) of the hair and dark colors absorb more light.
**laser is drawn to areas of pigmentation
What is photo-epilation or pulsed light (INTENSE PULSED LIGHT (IPL))
Benefits
how is it different from laser hair removal
Intense pulsed light beam creates a burst of energy used to destroy hair bulbs with minimal scarring.
The benefit of this type of treatment is that large areas of the body, such as back or legs can be treated rapidly.
The difference between Laser and Pulsed light, laser is a constant beam of light, and the pulsed is not constant.
There is less chance of burning and scarring when using pulsed light since it is targeted at the skin in quick, short intervals.
Stages of the hair growth cycle
Anagen phase- growth phase
Catagen Phase- mitosis stops, hair detaches from the dermal papilla
Telogen- resting stage, hair ready to shed or may sit in follicle until a new anogen hair pushes it out ( why sometimes it looks like two hairs come out of the same follicle.
Hair follicle
a mass of epidermal cells, produces follicle and hair matrix (mitosis)
Papilla
contains the capillaries and sensory nerves
Hair root
anchors hair to skin at bottom of the follicle
hair shaft
basal cells
above epidermis, Keratinization complete
basal cells in matrix form 3 layers of hair shaft
- cuticle- outermost layer (hard keratin)
- cortex- 2nd (hard keratin)
- medula- center (soft keratin)
Arrector Pili Muscle
contracts with cold or other stimuli, causes goosebumps, warms the skin by creating air pockets under hairs, dispenses lipids from sebaceous glands
hair bulb
made from epithelial cells that surround the papilla, contains the matrix, and external and internal root sheath lining of the follicle
Sebaceous Gland
secretes sebum (lipids) to lubricate skin and hair , protection against external environment
