Midterm

Question 1

Crimes that are considered inherently wrong are called?

Answer 1

Mala in Se crimes

Question 2

Crimes that are considered wrong because the legislature says so are called?

Answer 2

Mala Prohibitum crimes

Question 3

A crime punishable by death or more than one year imprisonment is called?

Answer 3

a felony

Question 4

a crime punishable by a fine or less than one year imprisonment is called?

Answer 4

a misdemeanor

Question 5

what is substantive law?

Answer 5

the body of law that defines criminal law

Question 6

what is procedural law

Answer 6

the law governing how criminal cases are taken care of, i.e. how they go through the system

Question 7

what is criminology

Answer 7

the study of crime and what do to about it

Question 8

what is the consensus model

Answer 8

when a society comes together, people come to agreements based on shared morals

Question 9

what is the Uniform Crime Report (UCR)

Answer 9

the UCR is data gathered by the FBI from local law enforcement and is used to study crime trend

Question 10

Most reported crimes happen between the months of July and August. Why?

Answer 10

it is hot. People get grumpy

Question 11

what does ‘aging out’ of crime mean

Answer 11

most people age of crime because they take on the responsibilities of adulthood: children; jobs, debt, etc.

Question 12

what is the chivalry hypothesis of crime?

Answer 12

women are not in trouble for crimes as often as men because men feel the need to protect women from punishment for crimes

Question 13

What is PTSD

Answer 13

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Question 14

young people tend to be victimized more than older people. Why?

Answer 14

because young people are more vulnerable

Question 15

Married people are less likely to be victims of crime. Why?

Answer 15

because they dont go out as much, and youve got someone to watch your back

Question 16

what is target antagonism?

Answer 16

some victims of crime might antagonize their perpetrator into an attack

Question 17

what is the victim precipitation theory

Answer 17

victims sometimes initiate their own attack, an example might be wearing flashy jewelry

Question 18

what is deviant place theory?

Answer 18

sometimes bad places can head to crime. bad neighborhood, seedy bars, etc.

Question 19

what is a sex offender registry?

Answer 19

convicted sex crimes offenders may have to register their location/identification with local law enforement

Question 20

what is routine activities theory?

Answer 20

sometimes routine to lead to crime, like when you walk down the same street and a criminal notices your routine walking pattern.

Question 21

what is rational choice theory?

Answer 21

people make ‘rational’ choices about whether to commit crimes

Question 22

are all crimes in fact based on ‘rational’ motivation?

Answer 22

no, an example might be voluntary manslaughter

Question 23

one way to fight crime is to create defensible spaces. what are defensible spaces?

Answer 23

locations where ‘spaces’ can be protected? like locking doors, having walls, barb-wire, etc.

Question 24

one of the problems of crime prevention is displacement. What is displacement?

Answer 24

crime is not successfully combatted, but rather just moves. More police in a neighborhood, move to the next door neighborhood

Question 25

A debunked area of trait theory includes Phrenology. What is it?

Answer 25

the idea you can measure body parts to determine if someone is criminal or not

Question 26

what is trait theory?

Answer 26

the idea that biological and psychological factors explain criminal behavior

Question 27

eating certain things has been linked to criminality. Name an example

Answer 27

Lead, exposure to mercury, sugar, vitamins

Question 28

Testosterone has been linked to criminality. Why?

Answer 28

aggressive behavior

Question 29

What is arousal theory?

Answer 29

some people lack dopamine and other chemicals in their brain, to feel better, they may commit crimes

Question 30

True/False Crime is linked to a specific human gene

Answer 30

False

Question 31

what is social learning theory

Answer 31

people are not born to be criminals but rather learn criminality through social interactions

Question 32

what is social disorganization theory

Answer 32

social structures can be strained, leading to criminality. Lack of jobs, church, school, etc.

Question 33

what is siege mentality

Answer 33

sometimes efforts to help people combat crime dont work because those people are suspicious of outsiders

Question 34

what is strain theory

Answer 34

social conditions can lead people to crime, such as the loss of a job

Question 35

how does free market philosophy argumentatively influence criminality?

Answer 35

free markets phil. means that people make it on their own, i.e. individually. Therefore, less social services and people may fail into crime to survive.

Question 36

what is eugenics

Answer 36

the idea that the poor attributes of humans can be bred out, like physical and mental disabilities.