Midterm

Question 1

virtue ethics

Answer 1

develop good CHARACTER

Question 2

utulitarianism

Answer 2

happiness optimal outcomes/CONSEQUENCES

Question 3

deontology

Answer 3

following DUTY which means conforming actions/wills woth moral law

Question 4

contractarianism

Answer 4

upholding and fulfilling agreenements and CONTRACT OBLIGATIONS

Question 5

ethics

Answer 5

study of morality using the tools and methods of philosphy

Question 6

metaethics

Answer 6

study of the meaning and justification of basic moral beliefs

Question 7

normative ethics

Answer 7

search for and justification of moral standards or norms

Question 8

autonomy

Answer 8

persons rational capacity for self governance or self determination

Question 9

paternalism

Answer 9

overriding a persons actions for decision making for his own good

Question 10

informed consent

Answer 10

action of an autonomous informed person agreeing to submit to medical treatment or experimentation

Question 11

competency

Answer 11

ability to render decisions about medical interventions

Question 12

euthanasia

Answer 12

directly or indirectly bringing about the death of another person for that persons same

Question 13

active euthanasia

Answer 13

involve performing an action that directly causes someone to die

mercy killing
lethal injection

Question 14

passive euthanasia

Answer 14

allowing someone to die by not doing something that would prolong life

remove feeding tube or ventilator
letting die

Question 15

terri schiavo

Answer 15

euthanasia/physician-assisted suicide

vegetative state
hubby-take off life support (won)
parents-keep her on life support

was it murder? is it permissable?

Question 16

dr kevorkian

Answer 16

dr death
activist for physician-assisted suicide
helped patients die via voluntary active euthanasia

2nd degree murder- 8yrs prison

Question 17

roe v wade

Answer 17

right to privacy to a womans decision to have an abortion

pro choice vs pro life

who, when, where, how

Question 18

oregons death with dignity act

Answer 18

terminally ill adults may get prescriptions from physicians for lethal drugs and self administer them

18+
oregon resident
capable
diagnosed (death within in 6mos)

Question 19

dworkin

Answer 19

paternalism

society may restrict person liberties for self-protection or prevention of harm to others

Question 20

goldman

Answer 20

paternalism
strong medical paternalism is unjustified
make decisions for self-interest

Question 21

newton

Answer 21

traditional nurse
rejects contemporary model of nurse as an autonomous professional (argue against physician)

nurse is the caregiver: subservient to physician

Question 22

kuhse

Answer 22

subservience of nurse?
nurse doesnt always have to be subservient to physician

question authority vs subservience

Question 23

thomasma

Answer 23

truthtelling
truth-telling is “a right, a utility, and a kindess”
survival of individual and community

Question 24

lipkin

Answer 24

truthtelling
telling whole truth may do more harm than good

lie about medical stuff because patient lacks knowledge

Question 25

katz

Answer 25

informed consent
joint decision making between physicians and patients
with autonomy

Question 26

nuremberg code

Answer 26

regulate research on humans
voluntary consent
good of society
avoid all necessary harm

Question 27

declaration of helsinki

Answer 27

medical research on humans

those who cannot give informed consent-independent committees

Question 28

hellman-hellman

Answer 28

randomized clinical trials
physician-scientists in ethical bind
physician-best interests of patient
scientists-ensure integrity of research
rct better than previous treatments

Question 29

freedman

Answer 29

ethical difficulties with rct
true equipoise doesnt depend on uncertainty in physician but the disagreement in community about treatment value - rct are permissible

Question 30

tuskegee study

Answer 30

african american men lied to about their medical condition, told they have blood disorder but have syphilis
pathology of racism
treatment/care of syphlis

Question 31

quill

Answer 31

euthanasia

diane-indirectly helped her die via drugs

Question 32

rachels

Answer 32

active vs passive euthanasia

killing nothing worse than letting die

Question 33

callahan

Answer 33

self determination runs amok
opposed to voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide

difference between killing and letting die
euthanasia lead to problems in medical fields

Question 34

thomson

Answer 34

defense of abortion
fetus is a person at conception some abortions still permissible
fetus has right to life but no right to live in body
women has right to not have body used by fetus against will (rape)

killing it unjustly is always wrong

Question 35

marquis

Answer 35

abortion is immoral

murder- robs them of future-loss of experiances, activities, projects, enjoyments like abortion

Question 36

warren-abortion

Answer 36

legal status of abortion

abortion always morally permissible because its not a person without personhood

Question 37

singer

Answer 37

ivf
unnatural, risky, separates procreative and conjugal marrigae and relationships
those are weak

Question 38

warren-ivf

Answer 38

feminism and ivf
may not provide a benefit
pressure from patriarchial society- lack voluntary consenet

Question 39

purdy

Answer 39

surrgacy
benefits outweigh costs = permissible
not selling babies
need fair and reasonable regulations to prevent exploitation of women

Question 40

steinbock

Answer 40

egg donation

payment to donors is permissible if money is for burdens of retrieval not for the actual egg