midterm Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
what is sociology
A
systematic study of human groups+their interactions
2
Q
who’s a key figure in sociology
A
Charles wright mills
3
Q
Peter Berger saw ____ in the _______
A
the strange in the familiar
4
Q
when was the scientific revolution
A
1650-1800
5
Q
who’s Auguste Comte
A
father of sociology
6
Q
Name the law of 3 stages
A
Theological, metaphysical, positive
7
Q
theological
A
religious outlook, world is an expression of God
8
Q
metaphysical
A
period of questioning and challenging.
9
Q
positive
A
rules of observation, experimentation, and logic
10
Q
quantitative sociology
A
(numerical data) tends to be positivist in nature, measurable behaviour (ex crime rates increasing over time)
11
Q
qualitative sociology
A
(non numerical) anti-positivist in nature, non-measurable subjective behaviour (ex: experiences of living poverty)
12
Q
natural state
A
how humans existed prior to the emergence of social structures (people are motivated by self interest/pursuit of power)
13
Q
religious view
A
gods responsible for society+government
14
Q
tabula rasa
A
people are born as blank slates
15
Q
laws define what
A
spirit of people
16
Q
anomic
A
state of normalessness, lack of clear goals+creates feelings of confusion (ex:higher suicide rates)
17
Q
mechanic solidarity
A
describes early societies based similarities+independence
18
Q
organic solidarity
A
describes later societies organized around interdependence and the division of labour
19
Q
proletariant are what
A
workers
20
Q
bourgeoisie are what
A
rich owners
21
Q
alienation
A
process in which workers are disconnected from what they produce
22
Q
exploitation
A
difference of what workers are paid to the wealth they create for the owners
23
Q
ideology
A
beliefs+values that support/justify the ruling class os society
24
Q
false consciousness
A
belief in/support of the system that presses you
25
class consciousness
recognition of domination+oppression and the collective action that follows
26
symbolic interaction
how people view things , such as yourself (normality in society) ex:boys shouldn't play with dolls
27
master status
how you act or are all the time
28
microsociological theories ask what?
ask "large" questions
29
functionalists
smooth functioning of society
30
conflict theorists
struggles over scarce resources
31
microsociological
theories ask questions about experiences+meanings
32
feminists
issues surrounding gender/inequality
33
Indigenous theory
examine contemporary Indigenous experiences
34
Queer theorists
problematize taken for granted concepts
35
post-structuralism
concerned with how knowledge is socially produced
36
power
created within social relationships, multidimensional, found everywhere and always at work
37
foucaults (3 points)
knowledge, power, discourse
38
knowledge
can never be separated from relations of power
39
discourses
guide on how we think, act, and speak
40
discipline
becoming motivated to produce particular realities
41
power
producing some behaviours while discouraging others
42
normalization
social process by which some practices and ways of living are considered normal/abnormal
43
queer theory
problematizes the standard of equality based on sameness
44
3 main areas of queer theory are?
desire, language, identity
45
desire
aim to disrupt categories of "normal" and acceptable sexuality
46
language
unable to capture whole truth of reality
47
identity
social production
48
post colonial theory
focus on the political+cultural effects of colonialism
49
imperialism
ideas, practices, and attitudes of colonizera
50
colonialism
effects of imperialism within colonized spaces
51
Inductive logic
move from data to theory (qualitative)
52
deductive logic
move from theory to data (quantitative)
53
casuality
one variable causes a change in the other variable
54
cultures 5 defining features
learned, shared, transmitted, cumulative, human
55
material culture
physical objects in a given culture
56
non-material culture
intangible+abstract components of a society
57
ethnocentrism
tendency to view ones culture as superior to others
58
cultural relativism
appreciating that all cultures have intrinsic worth and need to be understood on their own terms
59
cultural shock
feeling of disorientation, depression is experienced when entering a different culture then your own
60
what are the 4 stages of progression through culture shock?
1) honeymoon 2)crisis 3)recovery 4)adjustment
61
symbolic interactionism
how culture is modified according to negotiation of reality
62
what are the 3 sources that inspire cultural change
1)discovery 2)invention/innovation 3)diffusion
63
socioeconomic
based on what a person has (how u rank them) ex:income, housing, etc)
64
what are the 3 revolutionary events that inspired sociology
1)scientific revolution 2)political revolution 3)industrial
65
people are driven by what 2 primary passions?
1)fear of death 2)desire for power
66
Annie Marion maclean was the 1st Canadian to receive a PHD in what
sociology
67
what are the essential concepts involved in formulating a research project (there's 5)
1)hypothesis 2)independant/dependant variables 3)validity/reliability 4)correlation/casuality 5)research population
68
define culture
a complex collection of values, beliefs, behaviours, and material objects shared by a group and passed on from generation-generation
69
culture has 5 defining features (what are they)
1) learned 2)shared 3)transmitted 4)cumulative
| 5) human
70
subculture
group that distinguishes itself from a larger population (amish/mennonite)
71
counterculture
type of subculture that opposes the widely held cultural patterns of the larger population (hells angels)
72
nature
(biological approach) our actions stem from our biological roots, in your genes
73
nurture
(environmental approach) raised/socialized to be this way
74
sociobiology
science that uses evolutionary behaviour+genetic inheritance to examine the biological roots of social behaviour
75
socialization
how we come to understand what we know in society
76
social interaction
the ways in which we act in a social setting, and what's acceptable/or not in society
77
self image
concept one has of oneself
78
Coreys looking-glass self
people see themselves by observing how they are perceived by others
79
meads development of self
1)preparatory stage (birth-3) 2)play stage (3-5) 3)game stage
80
double consciousness
refers to a sense of self that is, in part defined by others (Du Bois applied this term to African Americans)
81
4 primary agents of socialization
1)family 2)peers 3)education 4)mass media
82
monolithic bias
means one ideal type of family considered "normal"
83
expressive role
responsible for emotional well being of the family (often female/mother)
84
instrumental role
responsible for paid labour outside of home (male/father)
85
conflict theory
people are situated in relation to the means of production
86
post structuralist theory
seeks to dismantle prevailing discourses about families
87
queer theory
question heteronormativity
88
symbolic interactionism
uses "roles" as one of the basic concepts
89
Goffman 1959 argued what
argued that people play a role in daily life
90
Role strain
stress that results when someone doesn't have sufficient resources to play a role/roles
91
how likely are women to be assaulted by someone they know vs stranger
2x as likely
92
what % do women account for of victims of family violence
85%
93
at what age do women experience highest rates of violence committed by spouse
25-34
94
intimate femicide
killing of women by their intimate male partners
95
what % of intimate femicide takes place in victims home
75%
96
4 primary agents of socialization
1)family 2)peers 3)education 4)mass media
97
Goffman (1961) has how many types of institutions?
5 types of institutions
98
5 types of institutions (Goffman)
1) help people who can't take care of themselves (homes for blindfold etc)
2) help people who can't take care of themselves and pose a unintended threat to the community (psychiatric institutions)
3) protect people from those that cause harm (prison)
4) preform instrumental tasks requiring unique work arrangements (army camps/borading school)
5) retreats from the rest of the world (monasteries/convents)
99
The functionalist perspective views family life as what?
supporting not only its members but also wider societal structures
100
conflict theory perceives how family forms change in response to what?
large-scale economic changes
101
One of the most significant legislative changes in Canada is what?
same-sex marriage
102
total institution
A setting in which people are isolated from society and supervised by an administrative staff
103
mortifications of the self
The first stage of the resocialization process, in which a person’s existing identity is stripped away
